communication in virtual teams Essay Example

communication in virtual teams Essay Example communication in virtual teams Essay communication in virtual teams Essay communication in virtual teams BY Anna160283 Communication and leadership in Virtual Teams Communication is fundamental for personal and organizational socialization. Generally, communication is the process of transferring information, meaning, and understanding between two or more parties, and there is a huge literature on how this process can be made more efficient and effective. Communication plays the central role in the virtual team success. Communication process for face-to-face interaction is different from virtual communication. Virtual teams typically use computer-mediated asynchronous communication. Computer-mediated synchronous communication typically allows for multiple threads or concurrent themes of conversation to occur from multiple contributors all at the same time, instead of being restricted to turn-taking (with communication blocking) as is common with synchronous face-to-face communication. (Berry, 2006). Virtual team members can express their ideas without any interruption from others. Computer- mediated communication has fewer social, political, or power context cues as found in face-to-face communication. Another specific characteristic for virtual communication is absence of verbal cues such as intonation, facial expression, estures, and contextual cues that enable listeners to read (or misread) the speakers intent and this can aid (or hinder) understanding. (Sproull Kiesler, 1991; Vroman Kovachich, 2002). Also researchers point out that in virtual communication informal or unintentional information is less likely to be shared between team members. This can result with work interactions being more task focused than on face-to-face teams (Hiltz, Johnson, Turoff, 1986; Maynard, 2006). Computer-mediated asynchronous communication is largely unrestricted by location or time zone (Harasim, 1990). This means that virtual communication provides a constant opportunity to discuss problems, share perspectives, get feedback, and answer questions that arise among team members without waiting for scheduled meetings. Hinds Weisband, 2003). In another hand, the absence of physical presence is considered to be the major drawback of virtual teams (Cohen Gibson, 2003). Some virtual team members may be less productive or satisfied because they feel isolated and detached from both the work and the other team members. Create social relationships in virtual teams is very difficult and takes a lot of time and effort but ack of social interactions may lead to superior task outcomes. Although virtual team members may miss the normal face-to-face int eractions of the workplace or classroom, they also typically acknowledge that these more traditional social interactions are not necessary to complete their assignments. (Berry, 2006). The success of failure of virtual team is depends on proper communication and leadership. In the articles on communication process various features of competent communication practices have been presented, ranging from information seeking and networking skills to negotiating ability. Motivating team members and offering support are vital skills when leading a virtual team. The team members of virtual guidelines for their proper use is critical for the virtual team in order to get daily computer-mediated communication to function effectively as well as set clear goals for the future (Sivunen Anu). Other authors suggest that leaders directly manipulated technology, task, and people structures. Leaders must learn to recognize the triggers, shift their focus to improving team interaction, and effectively take action, so that team productivity can be maximized. (Thomas Dominic). Christine Grosse add that the managers use a number of communication strategies to help them get their message across successfully with virtual teams: communicate continuously; use active listening; keep communication simple and clear; use different technologies to advantage; build relationships and trust (Christine Grosse). Authors of the article Global virtual teams refer that team leaders should be mindful of cultural differences, communication, and language barriers, and discrepancies in technological proficiency among team participants and how these make a difference in team effectiveness (Dube Line). Other researchers identify six leadership practices of effective leaders of virtual teams: 1) establish and maintain trust through the use of communication technology; 2) ensure that distributed diversity is understood and appreciated; 3) manage virtual work-life cycle (meetings); 4) monitor team progress using technology; 5) enhance visibility of virtual members within the team and outside in the organization; and 6) enable individual members of the virtual team to benefit from the team. All these practices will help leaders of virtual teams to build a strong and effective virtual team (Malhotra Arvind).

The Influence of Cultural Tourism and Urban Tourism in the tourism Essay

The Influence of Cultural Tourism and Urban Tourism in the tourism industry in Newcastle, UK - Sequel - Essay Example It is of crucial significance to note that Newcastle City is rich in culture and traditions. This follows the diversity in populations as well as the diversity in human behavior, beliefs as well as traditions. In this regard, it is important to highlight that Newcastle City is rich in both cultural tourism as well as urban tourism (Deborah and Amie, 2013). Urban tourism in Newcastle is world class. It is of crucial significance to note that Newcastle city draws many tourists due to the diversity of cultures as well as tourist attraction sites located within (Melaine, 2007). In Newcastle, Urban tourism is promoted by such tourist attraction sites including Tyne Bridges, Quayside, Castle Keep and Chares. In addition, Grey’s Monument and Jesmond Dene promote urban tourism in Newcastle (Melaine, 2007). The other key contributor to urban tourism in Newcastle is the issue of Cultural Tourism. Cultural tourism in Newcastle has significantly contributed to increased tourism activities in the City. Cultural tourism has massively contributed towards enhancing urban tourism in the city of Newcastle in various ways (Deborah and Amie, 2013). Cultural tourism has led to increased influx of populations from different corners of the world to pay visits to Newcastle in order to share some of the unique experiences in Newcastle City (Melaine, 2009). This has contributed greatly towards improving the city’s economy due to increased tourism activities. Some of the cultural activities in Newcastle responsible for commanding the increased cultural tourism include the luxurious nightlife in Newcastle. This has led to increasing influx of tourists who visit the city to feel the unique nightlife experiences thus raising the economy (Deborah and Amie, 2013). The beauty of the nightlife in Newcastle is vested in the diversity of nightclubs, pubs, bars and restaurants. These have specialized in offering world-class services to tourists thus

Women and leadership Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and leadership - Literature review Example 5). The entrance of the female is almost constant though there has been the instance where female have been crossing over to the courses that were regarded as masculine. It was also noted that men entry and advancement into the nursing profession is being hampered by discrimination in the specific specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology where females have been given preference over men. Consequently, there is an increased influx of men in other specialties of nursing. The leadership style between women and men has a clear distinction. According to Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) women in the leadership is associated with certain aspects of which they emphasize. Such aspects include nurturing tendencies and communication. On others side the men in leadership are not associated with the communication but responsibility and being accountable for every task given to the employees. Furthermore, women in leadership has been observed by Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) as being communal in their leadership in that they make it inclusive in participation than men in leadership who tend to be isolative and so directive to the employees (647). This makes the leadership of women to be perceived as being educative and upbringing more leaders in being than men. Other differences shown by Erel & Reynold (2014) is indicative that has been brought to the fore is that women have feminine advantage in the leadership (108). The advantage according to Collins & Meyer (2014) is as result of their better intrapersonal relationship with the staff unlike their male counterparts who the research conducted by Collins & Meyer (2014) describe that most of them have despotic tendencies (667). The other aspect that derail the leadership of women according to Solbraekke & Heggen (2013) is that it they lack the commanding power, hence in times of need of command, and the situation may end bei ng dire (650-653). The

Basic Device and Security Configuration Essay Example for Free

Basic Device and Security Configuration Essay When designing a network there are basic network and security configurations that one needs to consider. Choosing a hostname for each device is very important, this allows the user to know what device they are working on. Configuring interfaces with a proper IP, subnet, and descriptions are part of the basic configuration of a network device. One needs to consider the security setting for the network devices. There are some basic configurations that one can choose to use in their configuration. Passwords and a username should be used for consoling and remote access to any network device. Enable passwords and encrypting those password are best practice’s for any engineer. Configuration of a username and password for virtual lines, will help in keeping unwanted persons out of your network device along with, a banner upon logging into a device. Banners are messages that will display a warning to any unauthorized person looking to access the device. Shutting down unused ports in a switch, will keep unwanted clients of the network and people from just plugging a laptop into the port for access. Remote access is something to think about when configuring a device. SSH (Secure Shell) and telnet are two network protocol used to remote access to a device. SSH is a more secure application that uses higher encryptions of data then telnet does. To generate the SSH key the use of crypto key generate rsa is used with a 1024 bit key, creates the most secure key. Remote access is a concern to any engineer and should be taken with the highest priority. Commands Used in Basic Device Configurations CLI commands that are used in a switch and in a router are the same. Most CLIÂ  commands are configured in the global configuration mode. It’s always good practice to start with the command erase startup-config, which resulted in the saved NVRAM configuration to be erased. Setting the appropriate hostname for the device is the command hostname {name}. By naming ones device, this will let the user know what device they are working in. Passwords helped secure the device for the enable mode, consoling into the device, and remote access. To set a password to access the enable mode, one need to use the command enable secret {password}. The configuration of a password for consoling into a device, one needs to be in the line con 0 mode and use the command password, the same command is used for remote access but in the line vty 0-15 mode. When using the enable secrete command, the passwords are displayed in clear text. For more security, service password-encryption is used encrypt the password when a show run command is used to display the running configuration. Enabling SSH version 2 is a better choice than version 1. SSH version 2 has stronger cryptographic integrity check and supports password changing. If one configurators their device to support SSH, then there are several commands that need to be configured. A username {name} password {password} command needs to be assigned. The ip domain name domain {mycompany.com} command is used, followed by crypto key generated rsa command. When the engineer types that command the IOS will prompt one for the number of bits. 512 is the default, however, one can choose a larger number and 1024 bits is recommended. The RSA encryption key is used for authentication and encryption of the SSH data. The transport input telnet ssh command allows telnet and ssh on the virtual lines by being configured in the line vty 0 -15 mode. The interface range {interface}-{interface} command is used to make changes in the interface range. One can use this command to shut down all unused ports in a switch. Lastly, the copy run start command was used to copy the recent running configuration to the startup configuration.

Cloning Essay examples -- essays research papers

Is Human Cloning Ethical? Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues of cloning became a reality in 1997. On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientist produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions of whether cloning should take place. Within days, the public called for ethics inquiries and new laws to ban cloning. The potential effects of cloning are unimaginable. What would life be like with women who are able to give birth to themselves, cloned humans who are used for "spare parts," and genetically superior cloned humans? Based on the positive advances of cloning versus the negative effects, one must ask him/herself whether cloning humans should be banned entirely. Whether it is ethical or not science goes on with their experiments in the cloning process. Personally, I think it’s more like treating human beings as objects not humans. The American Medical Association has four points of reason why cloning should not take pl...

Environmental Science Essay

Although attempting to subdivide existing farm plots and redistribute them may be considered suitable for the purposes of remediating food insecurity and rural poverty, there exists a significant amount of controversy over such a practice due to the issues such redistribution entail. For example, the redistribution of land would require that the distributing entity pick and choose claims and rights to land at their discretion, and such claims can range from historic, ancestral or even from â€Å"ownership of the till. † Land reform has met much resistance from even the most impoverished numbers of developing countries, and it would be difficult to attempt redistribution without shaking up the foundations of property rights. Farming co-ops provide a distinct advantage for farmers. First of all, they provide them the opportunity to act as a group, giving them a collective bargaining power that they do not possess as individuals and allows them to act in unison in seizing market opportunities while being able to manage risks together. In effect, they can leverage their interests better when united as a co-op and it is this asset that has brought success to the likes of the Ocean Spray Cranberry growers and the farmers of Sunkist. (Gable, 2006; Hieu, 2008) Opening up new land is perhaps the most rapidly actionable means of increasing the food supply for a growing population, but this also poses a liability with regards to environmental impact. The problem with agriculture, especially the large-scale grain-based industrial monoculture which has been developed to feed most of the world, is that it is largely unsustainable and has a detrimental effect on soil fertility. In the first half of the 20th century, a large portion of the American Midwest was reduced to desert due to aggressive expansion of the wheat growing agriculture. (Manning, 2004) As such, what is needed is not the expansion of the present industrial agriculture, but the development of techniques and technologies to improve farming so that yields are better, but without compromising sustainability. Pursuing job opportunities in the city is not entirely perfect, but it is a desirable direction towards the development of compact communities and urban density. When combined with practices such as permaculture, which is the development of perennial agricultural systems that resemble the systems found in natural ecology (Holmgren, 2003), compact communities effectively curtail many of the environmentally adverse effects of sprawl and the wastefulness of imposing distance between food production, residential zoning and urban sectors. (Sightline Institute, n. d. ) Ultimately, what is needed to address the needs of a growing population in the developing world is not the application of population control measures, or a voluntary call to asceticism, but the institution of developmental policies that recognize the needs and wants of human society on terms that are just to developing nations and corrective to developed ones. Alex Steffen (2006) notes that it is wrong to think we can talk developing nations out of pursuing their dreams, and deny them of the material luxury that citizens of developed nations take for granted. Therefore, what is necessary is bright green developmental policy, founded upon the idea that economic luxury continue without rendering the planet an uninhabitable wasteland. This would require cradle-to-cradle designs, closed-loop industrial systems and self-sustaining infrastructure, much of which is already possible today. The future is already here, it’s just not well distributed. REFERENCES Gable, C. (2006, October). â€Å"Fields of Power; Farming Co-Ops & the Future of Biodiesel,† Organic Producer. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. organicproducermag. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=feature. display&feature_id=43 Hieu, T. (2008, July 27) â€Å"Farming co-ops may be answer to rural poverty. † Vietnam Business News. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. vnbusinessnews. com/2008/07/farming-co-ops-may-be-answer-to-rural. html Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain: How Agriculture Hijacked Civilization. New York, New York: North Point Press. Holmgren, D. (2003) Permaculture: Principles & Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia: Holmgren Design Services. Sightline Institute. (n. d. ) â€Å"Build Complete, Compact Communities. † Sightline Institute. Retrieved October 8, 2008 from: http://www. sightline. org/research/sust_toolkit/fundamentals/great_places Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, Inc.

What I Learned At The Early World Of My Life - 923 Words

â€Å"Hard Work always deserves a Top Stand† I believe that a top stand can be achieved only through the core values of hard work, determination and patience, which I learned at the early stages of my life. Since childhood, I have been fascinated to explore the world of computers. My schooling at one the top most schools provided me enough exposure to technological world very early in my life. This caught my eye and helped me choose and pursue my field of interest. For me motivation is learning or getting influenced by others. I was motivated in early stages of life after facing lot of challenges, emerging victorious, and building my goals. My mother is an important person in my life. She is a Strong, disciplined and a super woman who has spent her life in her endeavor to become a successful. Born in a middle class Indian family, she faced many challenges and overcame hurdles in life to achieve her goals. She followed her passion towards education and goal of becoming a top most scale-1 officer in a bank. Her ability and focus developed the bank business resulted in substantial growth and huge profits. She was a real inspiration and I followed her ideals in my life. My first dream project that led me to a success in establishing my skills, is the Innovative club ‘Igneous’. It was created in our college to motivate students in developing strong communication and make them efficient. The first event was a success and established in trending similar cohesive clubs in the college.Show MoreRelated Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay examples1059 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching. I feel that is a very fulfilling profession. I have seen my sister in the classroom, and it greatly inspired me to want to make a difference in some ones life. Through watching my sister in action I was inspired to follow in her footsteps. 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