Vishwanathan Anand

Viswanathan Anand Country India Born11 December 1969 (age 40) Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India TitleGrandmaster (1988) World Champion 2000–2002 (FIDE) 2007–present (undisputed) FIDE rating 2804 (No. 1 in the November 2010 FIDE World Rankings) Peak rating 2804 (November 2010) Viswanathan Anand, (Tamil: , IPA: [? i n? a? t n ? a? n? n? d? ]; born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess Grandmaster and the current World Chess Champion. He held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002, at a time when the world title was split.He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. He then successfully defended his title in the World Chess Championship 2010 against Veselin Topalov. As the reigning champion, he will face the winner of the Candidates Tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012. Anand is one of six players in history to break the 2800 mark on the FIDE rating list, and in April 2007 at the age of 3 7, he became the world number-one for the first time. He was at the top of the world rankings five out of six times, from April 2007 to July 2008, holding the number-one ranking for a total of 15 months.In October 2008, he dropped out of the world top three ranking for the first time since July 1996. Anand officially regained the world number one ranking on November 1, 2010, after having defeated the reigning world #1 Magnus Carlsen in the Bilbao Masters. Anand became India's first grandmaster in 1987. [1] He was also the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991–92, India's highest sporting honor. In 2007, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, making him the first sportsperson to receive the award in Indian history.Today he remains one of elite chess players in the world. [2] Anand has been described by Lubomir Kavalek as the most versatile world champion ever, since Anand is the only player to have won the world chess championships in many formats including Knockout, Tournament, Match, Rapid and Blitz. [3] Contents [hide] †¢1 Personal life †¢2 Chess career o2. 1 Early career o2. 2 World Chess Champion ?2. 2. 1 FIDE World Chess Champion 2000 ?2. 2. 2 World Chess Champion 2007 ?2. 2. 3 World Chess Champion 2008 ?2. 2. 4 World Chess Champion 2010 ?2. 2. 5 World Chess Championship 2012 o2. 3 FIDE World Rapid Chess Champion 2003 2. 4 Other results o2. 5 Rating †¢3 Personality †¢4 Controversies †¢5 Notable tournament victories †¢6 Awards †¢7 Sample game †¢8 See also †¢9 References †¢10 Further reading †¢11 External links [edit] Personal life Anand was born on 11 December 1969 in Mayiladuthurai, a small town in Tamil Nadu, India in a Tamil Iyer (South Indian Brahmin) family. Shortly thereafter, his family moved to Chennai, erstwhile Madras, where he grew up. [4] His father, Viswanathan Iyer, is a retired General Manager of Southern Railways, and his mother Susheela, housewife and chess/film/club aficionado and an influential socialite.He has an elder brother, Shivakumar who is a manager at Crompton Greaves in India and an elder sister Anuradha who is a teacher at the University of Michigan. [5][6] Anand is 11 years younger than his sister and 13 years younger than his brother. He was taught to play chess by his mother. He described his start in chess in a conversation with Susan Polgar: I started when I was six. My mother taught me how to play. In fact, my mother used to do a lot for my chess. We moved to the Philippines shortly afterward. I joined the club in India and we moved to the Philippines for a year.And there they had a TV program that was on in the afternoon, one to two or something like that, when I was in school. So she would write down all the games that they showed and the puzzles, and in the evening we solved them together. Of course my mother and her family used to play some chess, and she used to play with her younger brother, so she had some background in chess, but she never went to a club or anything like that. So we solved all these puzzles and sent in our answers together. And they gave the prize of a book to the winner. And over the course of many months, I won so many prizes.At one point they just said take all the books you want, but don't send in any more entries. [7] Anand did his schooling in Don Bosco, Egmore, Chennai and holds a degree in commerce from Loyola College, Chennai. His hobbies are reading, swimming, and listening to music. He is married to Aruna Anand and lives in Collado Mediano in Spain. [8] In August 2010, Anand joined Board of Directors of Olympic Gold Quest, a foundation for promoting and supporting the India's elite sportspersons and potential young talent. [9][10][11] [edit] Chess career [edit] Early career Anand's rise in the Indian chess world was meteoric.National level success came early for him when he won the National Sub-Junior Chess Championship wi th a score of 9/9 in 1983 at the age of fourteen. He became the youngest Indian to win the International Master title at the age of fifteen, in 1984. At the age of sixteen he became the national chess champion and won that title two more times. He played games at blitz speed. In 1987, he became the first Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship. In 1988, at the age of eighteen, he became India's first Grandmaster by winning Shakti Finance International chess tournament held in Coimbatore, India.He was awarded Padma Shri at the age of 18. Anand at the Manila Olympiad 1992, age 22 â€Å"Vishy†, as he is sometimes called by his friends, burst upon the upper echelons of the chess scene in the early 1990s, winning such tournaments as Reggio Emilia 1991 (ahead of Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov). Playing at such a high level did not slow him down, and he continued to play games at blitz speed. In the World Chess Championship 1993 cycle Anand qualified for his first Candi dates Tournament, winning his first match but narrowly losing his quarter-final match to Anatoly Karpov. 12] In 1994–95 Anand and Gata Kamsky dominated the qualifying cycles for the rival FIDE and PCA world championships. In the FIDE cycle (FIDE World Chess Championship 1996), Anand lost his quarter-final match to Kamsky after leading early. [13]Kamsky went on to lose the 1996 FIDE championship match against Karpov. In the 1995 PCA cycle, Anand won matches against Oleg Romanishin and Michael Adams without a loss, then avenged his FIDE loss by defeating Gata Kamsky in the Candidates final. 14] In 1995, he played the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 against Kasparov in New York City's World Trade Center. After an opening run of eight draws (a record for the opening of a world championship match), Anand won game nine with a powerful exchange sacrifice, but then lost four of the next five. He lost the match 10? –7?. In the 1998 FIDE cycle, the reigning champion Karpov was granted direct seeding by FIDE into the final against the winner of the seven-round single elimination Candidates tournament.The psychological and physical advantage gained by Karpov from this decision caused significant controversy, leading to the withdrawal of future World Champion Vladimir Kramnik from the candidates tournament. Anand won the candidates tournament, defeating Michael Adams in the final, and immediately faced a well-rested Karpov for the championship. Despite this tremendous disadvantage for Anand, which he described as being â€Å"brought in a coffin† to play Karpov,[15] Anand was able to draw the regular match 3-3, forcing a rapid playoff. However, the rapid playoff was won 2-0 by Karpov, allowing him to defend his FIDE

Last Chance in Texas

Hubner, John. (2005) Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth. New York, NY. Random House Inc. Last Chance in Texas is an eye opening look into the efforts of the juvenile justice system to rehabilitate youth offenders and integrate them back into society. The book chronicles the research of author John Hubner who heard about a facility in Texas that ran an aggressive and one of the most successful, treatment programs in America for violent young offenders. He was particularly curious how a state like Texas, known for its hardcore attitude toward crime, could be a leader in rehabilitating violent and troubled youths.Through a span of over nine months at The Giddings School in Texas, Hubner discovered that making offenders understand their past and how their actions affected others was key to successful rehabilitation. By observing school’s therapists and students, Hubner learned that the rehabilitation process was an intense self realization program that forced o ffenders to review and re-live their past experiences that led up to the crimes they committed. The staff at Giddings challenged offenders to step into their past and visualize their crimes before and after they were committed, as well as the impact of those around them.Different techniques were used help the students remember their pasts that most have tried to forget. Forcing them to recall specific details of their lives and the pain they suffered allowed them to address these experiences that ultimately led to them to violent crime. In most cases, the offenders were victims of violence well before they became violent offenders themselves. It was an emotionally painful and time consuming program designed to reprogram them and their behavior by understanding their own feelings and how their actions affected other people.In the program at The Gidding School there was a specific gang member named Ronnie who was convicted of armed robbery and kidnapping of an elderly couple. Through intense therapy it was learned that he previously suffered from different forms of abuse throughout his life. Family fighting, drug use, poor parental guidance ultimately led to a life of anger and violence. As a child, his mother would often leave Ronnie and his brother Kenny alone while she went out to use drugs. On occasion, his aunt would look after the two boys while their mother was away.Not only did their aunt physically abuse them, but later on their mother’s boyfriend introduced them to using and selling drugs, stealing, and guns. Re-living these memories was as agonizing and traumatic as one could imagine but it was paramount in learning how and why he became the person he did. Many boys at Giddings were convinced that no one loved them, and Ronnie was no exception. Giddings therapists used these sessions to break through the wall he put up thinking that no one loved them or cared what happened to them. More often than not, they were successful reaching students thi s way.One unique approach to developing self worth for the students at Giddings was the organization of a football program where they actually played surrounding schools. Hubner saw that this not only was a great release of aggression but also created a sense of trust and camaraderie among students based on mutual respect. Ironically, it was on the football field where they learned that there are alternatives to the violence they usually used to resolve differences. Unlike many football teams with teenage boys, winning was not the ultimate goal for the players at Giddings. In fact, they lost their final game.However, they all felt a sense of pride and recognition for starting and finishing the football season as a team. The girls at Giddings, on the other hand, were treated somewhat different than their male counterparts. They had different ways of expressing their emotional pain that led to the crimes they committed. Surprisingly, one hundred percent of them had been sexually or ph ysically assaulted. With females, therapist had to dig even deeper than they normally would have with boys. This could be somewhat dangerous since the girls were much more emotional and measurably more violent during therapy sessions.Oddly enough, female fights were more unexpected, viscous, and ended more painfully than those of the boys. One interesting approach in therapy was when parents of murdered children visited the program and told their stories. The idea was to appeal to the inner hearts of the emotionally withdrawn young female offenders. It was thought that females would better identify with the stories of these families and be able to tell their own story. It proved effective as many made great emotional progress and were able to tell their own stories in therapy.One by one all the young women opened up, pouring out their feelings they had been holding inside for so long. It was an incredible experience to witness for everyone in attendance. Upon graduation from The Gid dings School, each student goes their separate way. For many, going back to institutions and detention centers was their next stop in their journey. Others went back to their respective homes with their families. Many of these students managed to change their lives for the better and become someone they never thought they could.They are the rehabilitation success stories for The Giddings School. Sadly however, there are many that are not rehabilitated and eventually return to correctional facilities. This book is an intense story about rehabilitation and hope within the juvenile justice system. The young men and young women at Giddings can go through years of intense therapy and counseling. Only after they learn how to deal with their past and the pain they have endured, can they begin to heal. Most kids enter Giddings with no feelings of love, self worth, respect for others, or hope.However, through very structured program administered by loving therapist and staff members, most st udents begin to realize that though they have made mistakes, they too are loved. This book would be an outstanding reference for anyone interested in learning about a more positive approach to rehabilitating violent youth offenders who seem to have no hope. The Giddings School consistently provides some of the best results in the county. At Giddings, kids with no hope they leave with feeling of self worth, love, and sometimes even a new family.

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay

In the United States the practice of serial monogamy, where one goes through a series of marriages then divorce; and unwed parenthood seem to have replaced the cultural traditional marriage. (Nowak & Laird, 2010) Single parent families and the accompanying socioeconomic circumstances usually warrant social intervention from state agencies and that places a strain on public funds. The fact is, every single parent household is unbalanced. In the household where both parents are present the children usually benefit because each parent brings; not only a gender based perspective to the relationship and child rearing cultural traditional practices; but he/she also brings a level of stability that is not easily quantified. Stable marriages are usually founded upon the couple’s religious beliefs, kinship traditions of stable relationships, friendship, trust, similar backgrounds, traditional values as well as kindred cultural practices that include gender role expectations. Persons in stable marriages tend to understand each other’s moods and idiosyncrasies; so they are able to co-exist and live as friends. In the film, people adhere to the traditions of their kindred, they hold them sacred and they marry their own kind. It might seem bizarre to the outsider but it is normal behavior for their kinship. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The groom’s family gives the bride’s family a bride wealth of livestock, jewelry land and other valuables depending on the traditional culture of the tribe. The bride wealth forms a part of the wealth of the bride’s kinship. The groom basically has to pay the bride’s family for the loss of her labor. (Nowak & Laird, 2010). The women accept and submit themselves to the cultural traditions of their kinship. They have no choice in the arrangements. In the film, the women are hard workers. They take care of the men, children, fields, livestock wash the clothes, cook but the most bizarre was the Indian polyandrous family; the woman was married to three brothers. The children in this family do not know their biological father; and it is normal behavior so nobody really cares about a DNA match. It is also interesting to note that the wife in the feature film is illiterate and she knows no other way of life. The family is stable and the brothers look out for each other. This arrangement is economical as all the wealth is kept in the groom’s kinship. As strange as it may sound, this marriage seem to be more successful than the marriages of choice; in that the wives know there roles and stick to their list of duties. On the other hand, in marriages of choice, after a few years have passed, the wives tend to place pressure on the husbands to change into their likeness and to be what they, and their families want them to be. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The gang/crime family is a rather incredible one. I prefer to consider it as a social group with its own set of operational tenets but not a family. Rference Nowak, B., & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropolgy, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Art Up Close Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Up Close - Essay Example The painting that I chose to work on is Willem de Kooning’s â€Å"Woman†. The masterpiece is dominated by shades of purple and flesh. It is an abstract interpretation of a woman and the artist used lines to convey his thought regarding his chosen subject. What is most noticeable about the painting is that it is composed of diagonal lines and the woman’s figure is not obviously depicted. There are, however, certain figures that are implied to be one of the woman’s body parts. One particular example is the woman’s head. It is not clearly portrayed as a head, but the eye gives a hint that it is the face of a woman. It also shows that the woman’s head is tilting, which somehow, suggests loneliness. One of the obvious marks in the painting is the cluster of red brush strokes in the upper right hand corner. This may symbolize blood or imply that the woman is in pain. A stroke of line that surrounds the woman’s body looks like a veil which me ans that the woman is another version of the old woman figures such as Madonna and Venus. As mentioned before, the painting is composed, mainly, of lines. Most of the lines are also sharp and jagged which further denote emotional instability or turmoil. Since the artist did not use much curved lines for the painting, there is also not much softness with the emotion conveyed. Most of the lines are overlapping and there are certain spaces and figures that are covered by these lines. However, as noticed, there is a soft stroke of line just below the eyes which could symbolize tears.

OBJECTIVE data collection of a patient who has Peripheral Vascular Coursework

OBJECTIVE data collection of a patient who has Peripheral Vascular Disease - Coursework Example Therefore, this indicates that she is at a higher risk of getting a peripheral vascular related disease. Her state of health was well until 9pm the night she reported to the hospital. She describes that her pain began on her lower leg when she was moving her furniture in her living room. She took some pain killers but when the pain further persisted, her husband decided to bring her in for a check-up. She denied any form of dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diaphoresis. On her physical examination, her appearance is that of a slightly slim white woman lying on the bed with an indication of severe pain in her toes.She is complaining of havingvery severe leg cramps. Based on the assumptions of the symptoms indicated by the patient, diagnostic procedures for peripheral vascular diseases are carried out. An angiogram is conducted on the veins and arteries in order to detect any form of blockage of the vessels. The Doppler technique is also conducted so as to measure the access of the flow of blood. The final test conducted is that of the treadmill exercise where by the patient is required to walk on the treadmill in order to monitor her pulse rate (Weber, Kelly & Sprengle, 2014). On inspection of the thorax and lungs there is an indication of bibasilar rales. The diaphragm moves slightly well during respiration, percussion there are signs of dullness and no rhonchi, rubs and wheezes. The x-ray taken also shows the effect of the tobacco use that the patient is inhaling into her system as dullness is seen in the chest region. On inspection of the heart and neck vessel, the cardiac examination indicates that there are no hives or thrills. The rhythm is regular with an extra heartbeat. The normal s1/s2 is narrowly split. There is a positive s4 gallop. 2/4 systolic injection murmur is being heard at the left sternal border with no radiation. The pulses can be noted for the sharp carotid upstrokes. The pulmonary vessel in

DNA In The Criminal Justice Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA In The Criminal Justice Field - Essay Example The benefits of the stated, as well as the challenges that may confront its implementation, shall be explored herein. Violent crime is increasing and become more widespread. This statement is supported by statistics which indicate that there are an average 25 murders in the United States every single day, in addition to over 1,000 acts of violence, including rape ("World Murder Statistics"). Most of the crimes are solved and the criminals get their legal punishment but, in numerous other cases, the wrong person is imprisoned or the crime remains unsolved. Over and above, catching just one criminal and solving just one case involves hours of police work and costly investigations. In other words, the current method of solving crimes is costly and its results are not guaranteed. It is due to this that the US government should try to improve and enhance its crime fighting ability. As the United Kingdom as already in the process of doing, according to the Lancet science writer, Adrian Linacre, the United States should establish a criminal DNA database. This database which would, at first include DNA sam ples from all people guilty of any type of crime or suspected in a crime, would act as a reference for solving crime in an efficient and certain manner. With such a database, DNA collected from a crime scene can be matched up against DNA already in the databank and DNA collected from the new crime suspects (Linacre). On the one hand, this will help solve crimes much faster and, on the other hand, will protect the innocent from wrongly being accused and imprisoned. The United States, however, does not have such a databank at the present moment. According to the USA Today article, "DNA Database Could Help Solve Crimes," this undermines the ability of US police forces to solve crimes. As written in the article, "The United States is one of only a small number of countries that limit the crime fighting potential of their DNA databases by failing to include suspects and/or arrestees" ("DNA Database"). The reason is that the United States fears that such a database would be an invasion of privacy on the one hand, and that the widespread use of DNA in crime solving would be abused, on the other. While establishing a DNA databank and exploiting DNA science in fighting crime could be interpreted as a violation of privacy, can be abused, and may cost millions of dollars in taxpayers' money, the fact is that a DNA databank and the widespread use of DNA evidence in police work are invaluable in fighting crime; separating the guilty from the innocent, ensuring that criminals are caught and protecting society. Although the use of DNA as a crime fighting and solving method appears quite complicated, it actually is not and can be defined as a more accurate and advanced type of fingerprinting. As defined by Adrian Linacre, a human biologist, DNA refers to the material inside each and every human cell nucleus and which contains an individual's genetic print. That genetic print, or map, is unique to the individual, with the implication being that it functions as a definitive identifier. The importance of DNA, as a

Economics of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economics of Advertising - Essay Example No company can imagine economic growth without this strong tool called advertisement. Even non-profit organizations and public authorities to promote national programmes such as health campaign, anti drug campaign, literacy drive, cultural mission etc use this vehicle to reach their people. Some organizations which frequently spend large sums of money on advertising but do not strictly sell a product or service to the public, include political parties, interest groups, religion-supporting organizations, and militaries looking for new recruits. Additionally, some non-profit organizations are not typical advertising clients and rely upon free channels, such as public service announcements. The advertising industry is large and growing. In the United States alone in 2005, spending on advertising reached $144.32 billion, reported TNS Media Intelligence. That same year, according to a report titled Global Entertainment and Media Outlook: 2006-2010 issued by global accounting firm Pricewat erhouseCoopers, worldwide advertising spending was $385 billion. The accounting firm's report projected worldwide advertisement spending to exceed half-a-trillion dollars by 2010. Nowadays, advertisement has become the common medium of commercial interaction in competitive bids. Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For global advertisers, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising.... me organizations which frequently spend large sums of money on advertising but do not strictly sell a product or service to the public, include political parties, interest groups, religion-supporting organizations, and militaries looking for new recruits. Additionally, some non-profit organizations are not typical advertising clients and rely upon free channels, such as public service announcements. The advertising industry is large and growing. In the United States alone in 2005, spending on advertising reached $144.32 billion, reported TNS Media Intelligence. That same year, according to a report titled Global Entertainment and Media Outlook: 2006-2010 issued by global accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers, worldwide advertising spending was $385 billion. The accounting firm's report projected worldwide advertisement spending to exceed half-a-trillion dollars by 2010. Nowadays, advertisement has become the common medium of commercial interaction in competitive bids. Advertising ha s gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For global advertisers, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing economies of scale in the creative process, maximizing local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the company's speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel. (Global marketing Management, 2004, pg 13-18) MERITS OF ADVERTISEMENTS If a vehicle runs with an

Thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Thesis - Essay Example GOD created human being as a reflection of him. There are some scholars according to Toulmin who believe that god created us so that we can rule his creation, therefore human beings should use his creations for livelihood (Mead, 2008).Bottom of Form When god created the universe, he tasked the Christians to care for the environment but some of them still don’t show the care thinking that it is not their responsibility to care for the environment (Nachtigall, 2008). Some believe that when Christ come back he will change the world the way it is so caring is not necessary. Many of them are concerned with the behavior of the environmentalist that places them above that of the creator. Some think that everything in the universe should be explained with respect to God or Christian values. They believe that Christians should only be focused on the things that will guarantee them the kingdom of heaven while paying no attention to earthly things. This people also think that if non Chri stians see them paying attention to earthly things they will think that they have nothing to focus on other than these earthly things. They will think that earthly things are of more importance to then Christians. Though this Christians arguments are prevalent God actually wants us to care of the universe and even the moral grounds dictates so. It is the responsibility for the Christians to take care of the environment (Mead, 2008). In these modern days the environmental challenges are threatening the existence of humanity that firstly supports its existence. Environmental problems are monster facing us and it can’t be wished away. Some of these challenges will have dire consequences if not sorted out early enough. There are many reasons why Christians should restore the environment. First, Christians should support God’s work by protecting gods’ creations (Nachtigall, 2008). God created the earth and human beings and placed them on earth to take care of it. Hen ce, Christians should not neglect the responsibility of working with God to protect and preserve all the creations. This will in turn ensure Christians preserve the environment and restore it. In addition, it will help Christians serve the Lord through the environment by preserving and conserving it. Second, Christians should start programs that focus on conserving the environment (Nachtigall, 2008). In religion, the only basic concept is to serve God and Holy Son; there is no concept of worldly concerns in the religion. This concept is what is driving Christians away from the topic of environmental conservations. All the holy people are always involved in the service of mankind so there is no point in staying away from the world. God has sent us all in this world for a purpose and we have to fulfill it. It is our own mistake if we do not understand it, and harm other people and this world. This is why there is need to understand the basic concept and relation between the nature and Christianity. One of the greatest challenges is the global warming. This is the trap of gases near the earth surface raising the temperatures just like in the green house. This effect is rising at an alarming rate and scientists are developing different models to explain and try to understand it. This increase in temperatures will cause

Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand Management - Essay Example For the marketing program investment, NB is positioned as the best fit for athletes and people who want shoes that represent their fitness goals. NB concentrates on manufacturing shoes with diverse widths because it believes that a large fit enhances footwear performance. The brand is also known for the benefits of comfort, performance, and quality of fits and soles (Ryan 2008). The commodification is manufacturing for quality. NB is involved in international business; it sells products all over the world. Furthermore, employee relations are regarded as satisfactory, because the executive management is dedicated to responding to internal stakeholder needs (Baker 1999). For customer mindset, awareness is high, but not as high as for market leaders, such as Nike and Reebok-Adidas, when sales are considered. See Table 1 for Comparative Data on Major Athletic Footwear and Apparel Companies, 2004. NB also has good associate relations. NB imports finished soles and raw materials from Asian suppliers. The uppers would then be made and connected to soles in the U.S. almost seventy percent of NB’s domestic product is called â€Å"sourced upper.† For sourced-upper shoes, NB will import finished uppers and soles from Asia and will conclude the assembly at the American factories. Three warehouses in Skowhegan and Lawrence hold approximately $9 million (or 4 and half weeks) worth of raw materials inventory (Bowen, Huckman, and Knoop 2002, C-383). It can take 10 to 12 weeks for the shoes to arrive at Lawrence and Ontario (order to deliver lead time) (Bowen et al. 2002, C-383). The lead time has also been lessened, due to the efforts of NB to develop ordering and synchronization processes between the company and the suppliers. The management also strategically located the manufacturing plants near distributors and stores (Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004; Jin 2004). Table 1: Comparative Data on Major Athletic Footwear and Apparel Companies, 2004 Company Worldwide Sa les Footwear Sales Total Assets Net Income Employees Nike 13,739.7 7,299.7 8,793.6 1,211.6 26,000 Adidas-Salomon 8,057.0 3,384.0 6,015.8 402.3 17,023 Reebok 3,785.3 2,430.3 2,440.6 192.4 9,100 Puma 1,903.3 1,065.8 1,263.1 320.0 3,910 New Balance 1,500.0 NA NA NA 2,600 Fila 955.2 NA NA -85.0 2,300 Vans 330.2 NA NA -30.0 1,890 Source: Bowen, Huckman, and Knoop (2006, C374) The attitudes of the company represent good work ethics and social responsibility. NB actively supports societal marketing. Some of its products use natural materials. NB also energetically donates to charity and other organizations. It has a New Balance Foundation that tackles child obesity, as well as other cultural and environmental concerns (New Balance 2011). Studies also showed that New Balance has loyal customers, because they appreciate the performance of its products and the grassroots marketing approach of the company (Datamonitor 2008). The main marketing promotions of NB are word-of-mouth and PR through de-emphasizing the importance of celebrity endorsements (Datamonitor 2008). Price premiums of NB are pricing for value. New Balance has different prices for its products, but mostly it charges premium pricing for its athletic apparel and footwear. Customers are not that price elastic. NB enjoys a market share of 8 to 12% market share (Bowen et al. 2002, C-384). Expansion success is high, since NB has strong brand equity. Cost savings is also good, because of the strategic supply chain management of NB

Human rights law All Human rights are universal, indivisible and Essay

Human rights law All Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. the international community m - Essay Example The United Nations through its charter on human rights seeks to protect the laws that guards and binds the protection and freedom of every human with dignity and individual respect for all, being the hallmark of such laws. We are individuals who live and operate by certain national or international legal order, whether we are Americans, Nigerians, Chinese or British, we possess, to varying degrees which depends on the State within which we exist, rights. These rights, such as the right to existence, and the freedom of speech, right to marriage, freedom from arbitrary detention or the right to free expression oneself, are almost always incorporated into the national Constitutions and legislative Acts of nations. The to which these rights are respected and the preferences of certain these rights over others, largely depends on the nature of the national legal system within which we evolve and develop and operate, thus, regardless of the fact that we live in a democratic, a monarchical or on the other extreme; a repressive and authoritarian State, human rights should always be respected. But many events over the past decades of human existence, has proved that such rights that ought to be respected in most cases, are not. Certain individuals or group of individuals have had their freedom trampled upon by stronger forces within the nucleus of the same or an external society. Many laws meant to discriminate against certain people from certain regional or ethnic locations have being propounded and executed by ruthless states as a means of silencing oppositions. For instance the Grand Holocaust in Germany, carried out by the ruthless Nazi, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, the Iraqi Genocides against the Kurds, the genocide in Bosnia Herzegovina and the Cambodian Genocides, are all acts that openly violated human rights of individuals and peoples of a particular nationality/ethnicity. Other inhuman actions like the imprisonment of Nel son Mandela of South Africa, the Apartheid, Slavery in Africa, the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, the exploitation of sovereign states by the USA and its Western allied, the house arrest of ASSK of Burma etc. are all examples that portray how nations and peoples (stronger elements in society) can trample upon the human rights of weaker elements in society. Some of this atrocities and infringement on the rights of others were carried out internally within a state, while others were carried out by external states or individuals against the people of another society. The big question here is what can individuals do if their rights provided under their national laws are not respected, or if national laws do not safeguard their fundamental human rights at all. Is there an international forum where individuals can turn to and file a complaint against that State? Or against another state? Depending upon the situation at hand? Beginning from the year 1945, the United Nations became active in f ormulating and implementing policies that will ensure the protection of human rights of every human being all over the world. They have set up many instruments for protecting Human Rights after 1945. Article 1 of 1948 UN Charter states that2 â€Å"

The Rules on Formation of Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rules on Formation of Contracts - Essay Example The first thing next morning, Kevin went round to Jack’s house and, as soon as Jack opened the door, told him that he would pay  £2000 for the motorcycle alone. Jack said that he already sold it to someone else. The formation of a legally binding contract requires a valid offer, a valid acceptance, an intention to create legal obligations and consideration. An offer is a valid offer when it is legal, clear, and communicated to the offeree. It must be clear and without any ambiguities. Acceptance also needs to be properly communicated. The person to whom an offer is made must accept the exact terms of the offer. Once an offer is accepted, it becomes a promise. The parties must have an intention to be legally bound by the terms of their agreement. When an agreement becomes enforceable by law, it becomes a contract. There a must be a consideration for both the parties involved. There must be something for something for both the parties. If these elements are present in the given scenario, the dealing between Kevin and Jack would be regarded as an agreement and, being enforceable by law, a contract. The formation of a contract initiates through an offer which is â€Å"an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed†1. In the given case, Jack sent a text message to Kevin in which he offered him a motorcycle for the price of  £2000. He communicated his offer to the addressee, Kevin, through a proper mode of communication. Also, there was no ambiguity in his offer since the subject matter was stated clearly. Therefore, Jack made a valid offer to Kevin. Jack had told Kevin that his offer was open for acceptance till 10 am on the next day. Kevin sent a reply to Jack in which he accepted Jack’s offer and asked if the price included a leather suit. Kevin had accepted Jack’s  offer in the first part of his text message.

The Tensions of the Old and New During the 1920s Essay Example for Free

The Tensions of the Old and New During the 1920s Essay After witnessing the devastating, yet human-induced tragedies of World War I, the psyche of America was never the same. They abandoned their fundamental beliefs that the Western Civilization was not a model, but flawed society and turned their attention towards internal affairs, signaling the beginning of American isolationism. As William Allen White put it, Americans were â€Å"tired of issues, sick at heart of ideals, and weary of being noble. † The Roaring Twenties reflected this rejection of tradition ideals as consumerism and sexual revolution swept the nation. In the 1920s, the boom in technology, coupled with cultural and social developments led to tensions between the old and new. The manifestation of these conflicting ideals was a focal point of the Election of 1920 and Scopes Monkey Trial. The reform movements and Woodrow Wilson’s staunch moral legislation preceding the 1920s were a source of exhaustion for the American public. The American public was disillusioned with the failed League of Nations, and quickly embraced the Election of 1920 as what the victorious Warren G. Harding put it, â€Å"the return to normalcy. † â€Å"The return to normalcy† was essentially calling for the return to the older and simpler times in America, which also condoned American isolationism. Warren G. Harding and his successor, Calvin Coolidge’s presidencies embodied the return to a laissez faire economy with their pro-business stance. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922 and Smoot-Hawley Tariff protected American companies to foreign companies. Treasury Secretary, Andrew Mellon was also successful in lowering income taxes for the wealthy. Their disdain for liberalism was apparent with their lackluster reform legislations passed in office, but they left office with high approval ratings as a result of that staunch conservatism. The reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan nativism was another key topic of these administrations with the passing of the American Immigration Act of 1924 and the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 which placed severe quotas on the number of immigrants from these countries. Appointing the Nativism and conservative judges like Webster Thayer to the trials of Sacco and Vanzetti demonstrated that their subsequent executions were not the result out of justice, but of the sour public opinion against immigration. The reemergence of Nativism, spearheaded by Ku Klux Klan (Document D) served to reestablish and enforce tradition and morality in society. They used tactics of violence to preserve Protestant principles and decency, as a method to â€Å"return of power into the ands of the everyday†¦. average citizen of the old stock. † Their fight however was not just limited to Southern Hicks, but Northerners, and Midwesterners like Indianans who comprised of half the Klan membership during the decade. Their slogan, â€Å"100% Americanism† echoed through all the regions of the nation, where they targeted Jews, Catholics, and anyone that posed a threat to their middle-class protestant. Their religious conservatism was prominently voiced during the Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, TN (Document C) where the clash between fundamentalism and evolution reached a culmination with the whirlwind trial of hot shot Chicago lawyer, Clarence Darrow versus 4 time presidential nominee, William Jennings Bryan. Clarence Darrow‘s loss in the courtroom was viewed as a triumph for liberals. Women, one of the most deprecated groups in society countered against the confinements and expectations of society. With the passage of the nineteenth amendment and the availability of jobs in the city, women were in some aspects, free from the constraints that plagued the previous generations of women. Flappers, embodied by the carefree, smoking, and sexually charged female outraged the previous generations with their overt rejection of the Victorian ideals of a lady. The new women had the highest divorce rates than their predecessors as well (Document H). Margaret Sanger’s invention of birth control and the open discussions of sexuality contributed to the change in women roles. Although most women still clung to their gender norms, the sexual and gender revolution of this time period would serve as the foundation of the feminism movement of the 60s. The boom in consumer technology and inventions spurred mass consumerism and decadence within the American public. Mass production made goods cheap and readily available to the mass market, and almost every household owned a Ford Model T by the end of the decade. The desire to keep up with the Joneses became a measure of one’s social standing and identity. Sinclair Lewis’s Babbitt satirized the conformist and shallow existence of the average American household. Writers of the Lost Generation expressed their contempt for America’s growing consumerism by becoming expatriates and publishing literary masterpieces exposing the folly of conspicuous consumption. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby showcased the tragic ending of the title character due to his infatuation with material gains. The cartoon, â€Å"If Grandpap Could Only Return with some of his discipline,† illustrates the current, undisciplined generation being spanked by the frugal forefathers for their lack of appreciation and materialism for all the new technological advances. It served as a plead for morality as the older generations warned the current generation that excess will get them in moral and economic trouble since the introduction of credit and installment plans. Instead of following Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise and waiting to assimilate and be accepted into White Society, the Garvey Movement completely rejected it and called for the establishment of a black nation, which wasn’t successful, but still had a lasting impact on the black community. Racial tensions were brought to the surface with the influx of arts and literature of the Harlem Renaissance, where writers proclaimed and expressed their frustrations at white society. Langston Hughes and other famous African American authors created a black culture that proudly declared in their own superiority. Langston wrote, â€Å"Why should I want to be white? I am Negro-and beautiful† (Document E). Although White Society did not accept them as they had hoped, the artistic and cultural impact of the movement would serve as the basis of the Civil Rights movement several decades later. The 1920s were a time of great social, technological, and cultural changes. Set against the backdrop of staunch American conservatism, these changes were inevitably bound to clash. The manifestations of old and new tensions were highlighted in two defining legal battles, the Scopes Monkey trial and Sacco and Vanzetti. Although this period of upheaval did not impose significant changes on the minorities and outsiders of American society, it did provide the principle components of the equal rights movements for these largely ignored members of society,

Future Directions of Criminology

Future Directions of Criminology Criminology in the Future Change is all around us and happens all of the time. Criminals search for new and expand approaches to perpetrate and bypass crime. The criminal justice system are always adjusting and getting the latest technology to remain ahead of the criminals. Technology and law implementation have gone as an inseparable unit and will keep on doing so in the future. A portion of the ways that technology is the main strength in criminology can be found later when deterring crime and with the continues advance of forensic science. Technology is as sharp as a knife and can constrain in the balance of moral limits. Future Directions of Crime Fighting and Its Role In Social Policy Implication Criminology later on will even now be a major ordeal because of the general population who concentrate the violations that offenders do. Individuals attempt to establish out why individuals act and do a great deal of violations that goes on. A few people concentrate the psyches of culprits to see do the individual have a mind issue and if so what kind. Or, then again did the individual have two guardians raising him or her if so who was it and was the guardians at work a great deal or investing a large portion of their energy with their children. Later on headings of wrongdoing battling and its part in social strategy suggestion with all the new innovation and new updates like radios, tablets to discover where somebody is situated at, Cell telephones and weapons will help the police organizations if fights ever occur. The new innovation the polices have today is extremely useful. Because of them attempting to help secure the natives and attempting to spare lives. Many people dont care for polices and will attempt to hurt them in the event that they feel like the police it not making the best decision at some point. Later on it will in any case be a ton of violations that should be given the correct way. We will dependably require polices since a few people dont know how to deal with things without making a wrongdoing out of it. The headings later on of wrongdoing battling will get more unsafe for individuals who are attempting to do ideal by working and profiting the correct way, dealing with them families et cetera. A great many people today and later on dont generally feel like they can truly put stock in law implementation. By that being said we as a whole realize that everybody must take after the laws or get rebuffed that goes for the present and whats to come. Will keep taking matters into their own hands that will keep transforming into wrongdoing and individuals going to prison, jail or execute. Every one of the parts in social strategy suggestion we will never truly comprehend whats on the horizon. It will go to a period when it will be judgment that is premise of conditional confirmation and conclusions rather. Rather than perception significance investing significant time to discover every one of the fasts to the violations and confirmation. That will make wrongdoing battling later on much more awful the for law requirement and also for the general population who are not in law authorization. Potential For Crime-Fighting Methodologies There are numerous courses for the criminal only framework to extend their strategies. There are present approachs that function admirably and additionally a few philosophies that can be developed. These techniques will make criminal equity framework run all the more viably. The Combined DNA Index System otherwise called CODIS is another term that can be heard being utilized as a part of criminal shows and started in the late 1980s. The databases programming is utilized to house DNA profiles from government, state and neighborhood scientific research facilities. In 1994 the DNA Identification Act was passed and permitted approval of the National DNA Index System (NDIS). This demonstration determined the classifications of information that might be kept up, for example, sentenced guilty parties, arrestees, legitimate, prisoners, legal, unidentified human stays, missing people and relatives of missing people (Combined Dna Index System, 2015). CODIS initially comprised of just sentenced guilty party record and measurable list. In the United States more than 190 open law requirement research facilities take part in NDIS and more than 70 law authorization labs in more than 40 nations us the CODS programming for their own particular database (Codis Brochure, 2015). Cybercrime Spyware is a term utilized for projects that secretively screen ones action on their PC, gathering individual data ,, for example, usernames, passwords, account numers, records, driver licenses or government managed savings numbers (Crimeware: Trojans and Spyware, 2015). A cybercrime is a wrongdoing that is done through the web or another PC arrange. Presently a days cybercrime is ending up noticeably more well known. Many individuals have had their data stolen from individuals having the capacity to hack into their PCs, telephone and store PCs. This is winding up plainly such an issue, to the point that they are devoting a division entirely to cybercrimes. The news reports increasingly how either organization has been hacked or how distinctive stores have been hacked and individual data has been bargained. While some of these violations can be unimportant some can be to a great degree enormous, for example, hacking a countrys network or an administration office. With the assistance of the cybercrime unit they can recognize and see things that those of us with those sorts of aptitudes cant see and stop what could be a horrendous wrongdoing. Evolving Law Enforcement and Forensic Technologies Headways in electronic innovation are changing the procedure of correspondence, recognizable proof, data preparing, information stockpiling and recovery, observation, and ongoing video, just to give some examples. Law implementation organizations need to remain current with innovation as well as endeavor to keep one stage on top of things. Electronic organizations close by of law implementation offices are constantly refreshing their gear with an end goal to advance law requirement and criminological innovations used to recognize criminal exercises. Legitimate utilize and comprehension of present and future innovative devices is basic to law implementation work force, these devices will be utilized to convey successfully inside police offices, enhance GPS beacons, report wrongdoing measurements, biometrics ID, and video confirmation of collaborations between cops and people in general. A future apparatus in the arranging stages is a program known as PredPol, a propelled specialized instrument that is said to be utilized inside a police division to distinguish wrongdoing before it happens. PredPol has appeared to be viable in anticipating wrongdoing in regions based off of past wrongdoing measurements, violations that happen consistently in a territory, and other sociological variables (Kelly, 2014). As of now in testing stage the program will even dispatch officers to a given territory where wrongdoing is in all probability going to happen. The requirement for a wrongdoing avoidance program came to fruition after wrongdoing rates in real urban communities have expanded while procuring of new cops has diminished (Kelly, 2014). Law authorization faculty will have the capacity to view guide of problem areas inside a statistic region, this wont just help the cop on watch, additionally encourage the offices war room. Dispatch screens will have the capacity to arrange pi npoint areas easily with the goal that all group units can see each others assigned regions. Two imaginative specific databases are Facial Recognition Device and Iris Scan, these particular databases can hold huge amounts of data to later recover, with the end goal of recognizing people by method for looking at facial structure, shape and extents, and biometric distinguishing proof. Facial pictures of suspects can be caught and sought through databases to conceivably distinguish known criminals, needed or missing people (Kelly, 2014). Both of these databases will have the capacity to help legal innovations to distinguish people, as well as used to recognize criminal exercises. Distinguishing people in light of physical attributes involved from facial pictures, iris filters, or behavioral qualities will happen with the utilization of these particular biometric databases (Kelly, 2014). These databases will be able to look for facial pictures of police mugshots, as well as drivers licenses, ID cards, online networking system locales, the web, essentially any outlet where a man has posted a photo of themselves. With the utilization of this propelled innovation, it will be almost outlandish for anybody to conceal their personality from the inquiry of these databases. Envision the capacity to have the capacity to distinguish offenders, psychological oppressors, needed criminals, and missing individuals in simply a question of minutes. Civil Liberties and Ethics Violations As innovative advances keep on being produced those headways likewise advance into the law requirement field. Alongside those progressions additionally come the likelihood of those headways to be utilized as a part of both an unscrupulous way and conceivable infringement of rights. Some present headways which have created warmed civil arguments are the utilization of unmanned automaton flying machine. These unmanned specialties are little and exceptionally flexibility and have the ability of being used in regions which already may have been difficult to reach to law implementation. The plain view tenet has been portrayed as The decide that permits a law implementation officer to seize proof of a wrongdoing, without acquiring a court order when the confirmation is on display. Legitimate Information Institute (n.d.) site. With the development of innovations that permit officers to find in spots that they would not ordinarily have the capacity to see the meaning of what precisely plain sight can be extended to include the utilization of such gadgets under any circumstance. The utilization of camera frameworks is additionally an expanded infringement of individual protection. Law authorization officers use reconnaissance cameras which are not intended to record the specific activities of a solitary individual yet do catch people activities. It is likely that individuals have not assented to being recorded by all recording devises that are utilized day by day, even in areas where a man has some desire of protection. The utilization of iris filtering has likewise been executed in certain law authorization organizations Starting in 2010, the NYPD began checking arrestees irises on admission and quickly preceding arraignment. (5 Chilling New Ways Police Violate Your Rights, 2013). This likewise is an issue of the fourth amendment ideal to illicit inquiry and seizure. Is an iris sweep an infringement to a man secured data and protection? These again are question that officials should address later on. Future conceivable outcomes could grow to the utilization of our own personalities. As advancements created it could be conceivable to one day have the capacity to peruse the considerations of people. There is no point of reference to keep the utilization of such musings in criminal arguments and as confirmation against somebody blamed for a wrongdoing. Made a stride promote it could be conceivable to convict people of wrongdoings that they had not by any means perpetrated in light of the fact that they had the mentality to carry out that wrongdoing. Administrators should decide when using a mans considerations is an infringement of their entitlement to protection. There is likewise the untrustworthy question of a law requirement officer utilizing this data for their very own pick up. One could envision an officer utilizing the contemplations of CEO of organizations for monetary profit. The utilization of coercion to keep certain data calm could likewise be misused by individual that were behaving dishonestly. With the advancement of innovations officials need to deliberately investigate the abilities of these advances and deliver the issue in the matter of regardless of whether there is an infringement of rights being utilized. Similarly as new lays were created in the PC age and the infringement of protection that accompanied that advancement so will promote innovations should be taken a gander at similarly. Conclusion Criminology today is beginning to work around innovation. This is just opening the entryways on what the future will deliver. Lawbreakers alongside equity boss will depend on innovation. This will be the genuine test to check whether innovation is sincerely made for the criminal world. Everything in the criminal equity framework as far as possible up to current is put on paper. Innovation later on will be utilized as a part of ways never envisioned. It will appear as though we are too as yet viewing a motion picture about the future however in actuality we are living it. Criminology has made considerable progress and still have a further trip to go. REFERENCES 5 chilling new ways police violate your rights. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/2013/01/15/5_chilling_new_ways_police_violate_your_rights/ CODIS Brochure. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/biometric-analysis/codis/codis_brochure Combined DNA Index System. (2015). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_DNA_Index_System Crimeware: Trojans Spyware. (2015). Retrieved from http://us.norton.com/cybercrime-trojansspyware Kelly, H. (2014). CNN Tech: Police embracing tech that predicts crimes. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/09/tech/innovation/police-tech/ Legitimate information institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/plain_view_doctrine

Analyze The Performance Of Maybank Group Finance Essay

Analyze The Performance Of Maybank Group Finance Essay 3.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the researcher will look at the history of Maybank group as a whole besides that, the researcher will also review and analyze the performance of Maybank group and also Islamic product that been offered by Maybank Islamic Berhad. COMPANY HISTORY 3.2.1 Maybank Maybank was incorporated on 31 May 1960 and began operations on 12 September in the same year, rising from the spirit of Independence to pave the way for dynamic change in the countrys banking and financial landscape. Our founders were visionary in their desire to see Maybank grow to excel both in the domestic market and in the region. Over the years, Maybank has led an aggressive drive to expand network and maximize reach. The Group has consistently set new benchmarks in product and service delivery by achieving many firsts in the industry such as rural credit scheme, cards services, corporate and investment banking, mobile banking services, internet banking and Islamic banking. Maybank operates through an extensive network of over 1,700 offices in 14 countries including 7 in South East Asia. The Group is represented in the major financial centres of London, New York, Hong Kong and Singapore. 3.2.2 Maybank Islamic Maybank Islamic Berhad, a wholly-owned subsidiary and the Islamic banking arm of the Maybank Group, is the largest Islamic bank in Malaysia. It started its initial operations offering Islamic financial services through a window concept in 1993 and later converged to full-fledged Islamic banking operations on 1 January 2008. With a breadth of more than 17 years experience in the Islamic banking and finance, Maybank Islamic has been regarded as the leading Islamic bank in the Asia Pacific region and ranks among the worlds top 15 Islamic financial institutions. Today, Maybank Islamic proudly stands above its peers in the home market with Shariah-compliant assets of more than USD12 billion commanding significant market share in financing and deposits of over 24% and 21% respectively. Maybank Islamic believes that serving the needs of customers is a priority and as such it is committed to provide a wide array of Shariah-compliant financial products and services to suit its customers preference and choices. Apart from commercial banking offered by Maybank Islamic, Maybank Groups Islamic investment banking and capital market business are offered through Maybank Investment Bank and selected overseas offices in major financial centres of Bahrain, London, Singapore and the international offshore financial centre of Labuan. As an industry icon, Maybank Islamic is committed to scaling new heights as reflected in the way the Bank operates its business, the way its deliver products and services to customers and in the way the Bank engages more than 25,000 Maybankers across its home country as well as its business partners and stakeholders globally 3.3 OBJECTIVE OF ESTABLISHMENT The objectives of the establishment of Maybank Islamic Berhad are as follows: 1. To continues as a Market Leader in Islamic banking field in the aspect of products and services. 2. Introduced the financial product that is based on MM concept as a an alternative to current the BBA product 3. Introduced the financial product that is based on Ijarah Mutahiah Bittamlek 4. Introduced the management of investment in an Islamic way 5. Involved in asset management in an openly way 6. Introduced Islamic card credit 7. Actively involved in Murabahah commodity product BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dato Seri Ismail Shahudin Dato Seri Ismail Shahudin was appointed as a Director and Chairman of Maybank Islamic on 23 January 2010. He was Chairman of Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad from 2004 until his retirement in July 2008. He has held senior positions in Citibank, serving both in Malaysia and New York, United Asian Bank and Maybank where he was appointed Executive Director in 1997. He left Maybank in 2002 to assume the position of Group Chief Executive Officer of MMC Corporation Berhad prior to his appointment to the Board of Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad. His current directorships in companies within the Maybank Group include as Director of Maybank Berhad. He serves as Chairman of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee and as a member of the Credit Review, Risk Management, and Employee Share Option Scheme Committees of Maybank Berhad. Tan Sri Datuk Dr Hadenan bin A. Jalil Tan Sri Datuk Dr Hadenan bin A. Jalil was appointed as a Director of Maybank Islamic on 23 January 2010. Tan Sri Datuk Dr Hadenan bin A. Jalil was Auditor General from 2000 to 2006. He served with the Government for 36 years in various capacities in the Treasury, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Works prior to his appointment as Auditor General. His current directorships in companies within the Maybank Group include as Director of Maybank Berhad. He serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee and as a member of the Credit Review, Nomination and Remuneration, and Employee Share Option Scheme Committees of Maybank Berhad. Zainal Abidin Jamal Zainal Abidin Jamal was appointed as a Director of Maybank Islamic on 23 January 2010. He is a practicing corporate and commercial lawyer and established his firm, Zainal Abidin Co, in 1987, where he is a Senior Partner. He was enrolled as an Advocate Solicitor of the High Court of Malaya in 1986. Between 1983 and 1986, he served as the Company Secretary of Harrisons Malaysian Plantations Berhad. Prior to that, he had practiced in Singapore where he was enrolled in 1980 as an Advocate and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Singapore and had also served as a First Class Magistrate in Brunei Darussalam. His current directorships in companies within the Maybank Group include as Chairman of Mayban Trustees Berhad and Director of Maybank Berhad, a Director of Etiqa Insurance Berhad, Etiqa Takaful Berhad, Maybank International (L) Limited, and Mayban International Trust (L) Ltd. Datuk Dr. Syed Othman bin Syed Hussin Alhabshi Datuk Dr. Syed Othman bin Syed Hussin Alhabshi was appointed as a Director of Maybank Islamic on 30 January 2008. Datuk Dr. Syed Othamn has vast experience as an academician. He held various academic leadership and research post at International Islamic University of Malaysia, University Utara Malaysia, University Tun Abdul Razak and Institute of Islamic Understanding of Malaysia before he assumed responsibility as the Professor of Islamic Economics, Chief Academic Officer and Head of Takaful at International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF). Datuk Dr. Syed Othman is a director of Etiqa Takaful Berhad. He is also a director of Prima Prai Sdn Bhd, Epen Bina Sdn Bhd and Universiti Teknikal MARA Sdn Bhd. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN MAYBANK ISLAMIC Home Equity-i HomeEquity-i is a shariah compliant home financing plan based on the Musharakah Mutanaqisah or diminishing partnership concept. Maybank Islamic (the bank) and applicant enter into a joint partnership with bank to raise capital for acquiring a property. Both parties become joint property owners with shares allotment based on amount of capital contributed. Maybank Islamic releases its shares to applicant who gradually acquires banks ownership of the property with monthly payments made over an agreed time period thereby diminishing the banks share till property is fully owned by applicant. Home Fianancing -i BBA is defined as deferred payment sale. BBA involves the sale and purchase transactions between the bank and the customer. Under this concept, customers may defer total payment of asset which is the property in installments over a specific period of time. Fixed payment that shows exactly what customers need to pay throughout the tenure. useful for those working on a monthly budget. MaxiHome-i MaxiHome-i refers to Home Financing under Variable Rate Financing (VRF). Maxihome Loan Packages cater to the needs of individuals and small businesses, including financing the purchase of new properties, sub-sales, refinancing, redraws and remortgages. This product is applied under the concepts of Bai Bithaman Ajil (BBA). BBA is defined as deferred payment sale. BBA involves the sale purchase transactions between the bank and the customer. Under this concept, customers may defer total payment of the property in installments over a specific period of time. ShophouseEquity-i ShophouseEquity-i is a shariah compliant home financing plan based on the Musharakah Mutanaqisah or diminishing partnership concept. Maybank Islamic and applicant enter into a joint partnership with bank to raise capital for acquiring a property.Both parties become joint property owners with shares allotment based on amount of capital contributed. Maybank Islamic releases its shares to applicant who gradually acquires banks ownership of the property with monthly payments made over an agreed time period thereby diminishing the banks share till property is fully owned by applicant. Shop house Financing-i A fixed rate financing for shop houses currently being practiced under the concept of Bai Bithaman Ajil (BBA), Shop house Financing-i is recommended especially for homebuyers who prefer a fixed monthly budget where you know exactly how much to pay throughout the tenure, whether by a single instalment sum or in-line with the multi-tiered rates. MaxiShop-i MaxiShop-i refers to Shophouse Financing-i under Variable Rate Financing (VRF). MaxiShop Loan Packages catering to the needs of individuals and small businesses, including financing the purchase of new commercial properties, sub-sales, refinancing, redraws and remortgages. The scope of commercial properties under MaxiShop includes shop houses, shop offices, commercial lots in shopping complex, office lots, factories, industrial buildings. This product is applied under the concepts of Bai Bithaman Ajil (BBA). BBA is defined as deferred payment sale. BBA involves the sale purchase transactions between the bank and the customer. Under this concept, customers may defer total payment of the property in installments over a specific period of time. Variable Rate Financing (VRF) CASH LINE -i (OVERDRAFT) Murabahah  is another type of sale and purchase contract, with a deferred payment element. The contract of sale may take place when a buyer who wishes to purchase assets, requests the Bank to purchase assets at cost (purchase price) and in return the Bank will charge the buyer an agreed profit margin which is incorporated into the selling price. The selling price is subsequently payable on a deferred single payment. ExeCash-i Standard ExeCash-i Standard package is an Islamic Personal Term Financing under the Shariah principle of  Bai Inah  (sale with immediate repurchase).  Bai Inah  is a buy and sell contract whereby Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would sell its assets to the applicant on deferred payment basis. Subsequently, Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would buy back the same asset from the applicant at a lower price on cash basis. Under  Bai Inah  concept, Maybank Islamic will use its asset as an underlying asset for the sale and purchase transactions. ExeCash-i Special ExeCash-i Special package is an Islamic Personal Term Financing under the Syariah principle of  Bai Inah  (sale with immediate repurchase).  Bai Inah  is a buy and sell contract whereby Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would sell its assets to the applicant on deferred payment basis. Subsequently, Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would buy back the same asset from the applicant at a lower price on cash basis. ExeCash-i for GLC ExeCash-i for GLC is an Islamic Personal Term Financing under the Shariah principle of  Bai Inah  (sale with immediate repurchase).  Bai Inah  is a buy and sell contract whereby Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would sell its assets to the applicant on deferred payment basis. Subsequently, Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would buy back the same asset from the applicant at a lower price on cash basis. The  ExeCash-i for Government Linked Companies (GLC)  provides financing without collateral to meet any of your personal needs. KOWAMAS KOWAMAS is an Islamic Personal Term Financing under the Syariah principle of  Bai Inah  (sale with immediate repurchase).  Bai Inah  is a buy and sell contract whereby Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would sell its assets to the applicant on deferred payment basis. Subsequently, Maybank Islamic (the Bank) would buy back the same asset from the applicant at a lower price on cash basis.The personal financing package for  Koperasi Wawasan Malaysia Berhad (KOWAMAS)  provides financing without collateral to meet any of your personal need. Hire Purchase-i Hire Purchase-i is based on the underlying Shariah principle of Al-Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai (AITAB). It means leasing and subsequent purchase. It refers to 2 contracts undertaken separately and consequentially i.e.  Al-Ijarah  contract (leasing) and  Al-Baicontract (purchase). It is an extension of the principle of  Al-Ijarah  whereby both parties further agreed that at the end of the lease period, the customer will purchase from the Bank the asset concerned at an agreed price with all the lease rentals previously paid constituting part of the price. Operations of Hire Purchase-i are based on Hire Purchase Act 1967 whereby all provisions that conform to Shariah requirement are applicable. Maybankinvest-i Maybankinvest-i is an alternative Share Trading / Financing package from Maybank that is based on the Shariah principle of Murabahah. Under this contract, Maybank agrees to finance your share trading activities in approved Shariah counters listed in Bursa Malaysia. ASB Financing-i ASB Financing-i is another form of term financing to purchase ASB unit trust based on Shariah principles of  Bai Inah  (sales with immediate repurchase) 3.6 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MAYBANK ISLAMIC BERHAD The performance of Maybank Islamic Berhad are analyzed from the information that have been obtained from overall performance data of Maybank Maybank Islamic just been setup recently , thus the performance will be measured along with the parent company, all of the performance regarding loan that had been published and other information are depend from the performance of Maybank. The only thing that is separated is total net income and operational income of a Maybank Islamic  [1]  . The analyses that have been done by the researcher are from the analysis of a Maybank itself. It includes various information of a bank performance as a whole that gave a clearer picture about the important information regarding total asset, total liability, total loan and various more. Besides that, there is also analysis of a statement of income that includes the performance of Maybank Islamic. 3.6.1 Total Assets  [2]   For the financial year ended 30 June 2010, outstanding assets of the Group expanded by 8.4% or RM26.0 billion resulting the total asset of group at RM 336,700 Million while at the Bank level, it increased 4.2% or RM10.1 billion to record an amount of RM 248,392 Million . For the previous year, the corresponding growth rates were 15.5% at Group level and 8.7% at Bank level. The bulk of the Groups growth in assets was derived from the expansion of net loans and advances which grew by RM19.8 billion or 10.6% and RM7.0 billion or 4.9% for the Group and the Bank respectively. As at end of June 2010, net loans and advances represented 61.0% of total Group assets, higher than the 59.8% as at the end of June 2009. 3.6.2 Securities purchased under resale agreements  [3]   Securities purchased under resale agreements are securities which the Group and the Bank had purchased with a commitment to resell at future dates. The commitments to resell the securities are reflected as assets on the balance sheet. Conversely, obligations on securities sold under repurchase agreements are securities which the Group and the Bank had sold from its portfolio, with a commitment to repurchase at future dates. Such financing transactions and corresponding obligations to purchase the securities are reflected as liabilities on the balance sheet. As at end June 2010, the Group held RM371.2 million of securities purchased under resale agreements. 3.6.3 Deposits and Placements with Financial Institutions  [4]   The Groups deposits and placements with financial institutions grew by RM2.6 billion to RM8.9 billion or 41.5% as Customer deposits growth outpaced the growth in loans and advances. 3.6.4 Life, General Takaful and Family Takaful Fund Assets  [5]   After a growth of 7% or RM1.1 billion in the previous year, this balance sheet item grew by a similar 7% to RM18.0 billion as at end of June 2010 3.6.5 Securities Portfolio  [6]   The investment securities portfolio of the Group decreased by RM3.6 billion or 6.2% mainly due to a reduction of shorter tenor Available-for-Sale holding (RM5.2 billion) as interest rates were expected to rise in the first half of 2010. Securities Held-for-Trading increased by RM1.2 billion which was partially offset by the reduction in Available-for-Sale portfolio. Around 79% of the securities portfolio comprised of securities Available-for-Sale and further 16.5% securities Held-to-Maturity while 4.9% of the securities portfolio is Held-for-Trading. 3.6.6 Loans, Advances and Financing  [7]   The Groups net loans and financing for financial year of 2010 expanded by 10.6% or RM19.8 billion compared to 12.9% or RM21.2 billion the previous financial year. The Groups gross loans grew 10.3% compared to 13.0% the previous year with domestic and overseas loans growth of 11.0% and 8.8% respectively. The domestic operations growth of 11.0% was better than the 6.5% recorded in the previous year as consumer loans expanded by 15.0% on the back of the RM3.3 billion or 28.6% growth in securities loans, mainly for the purchase of relatively low-risk Amanah Saham Bumiputera units, and the RM2.6 billion or 13.2% increase in vehicle loans. The Groups overall domestic loans market share stood at 17.6% compared to 17.8% the previous year. Mortgage loans grew by RM3.1 billion or 9.8% compared to 3.3% in the previous year with market share at 13.4% compared to 13.9% the previous year. Credit card receivables for the financial year rose RM0.6 billion or 16.0%, outperforming the industrys 11.3% growth leading to market share rising to 12.8% from 12.7% the previous year. Automobile financing for domestic operations recorded a growth of 12.2% compared to 11.0% in the previous financial year and outperformed the industrys growth of 8.5%. With growth exceeding the industry, the market share for financing of motor vehicles rose to 17.4% from 16.8% in June 2009. As at June 2010, the overseas operations loan book accounted for 32.3% of the Groups loan base from 32.8% in the previous year. The gross loans book for Singapore recorded a growth of 3.4% or RM1.3 billion after registering a growth of 6.2% in 2009. While for Indonesia, mainly due to Bank Internasional Indonesia, gross loans grew 37.7% or RM4.7 billion to RM17.1 billion. In the other overseas locations, total gross loans declined 3.7% or RM0.4 billion mainly due to the reduction in loan exposure in the US and United Kingdom following the financial crisis. The Groups Islamic gross financing and advances grew by 31.2% or RM8.2 billion during the year. Islamic banking constitutes a growing portion of the Groups banking business, accounting for 16.3% of gross loans and financing from 13.7% the previous year. Islamic gross financing accounted for 24.0% of domestic gross loans, rising from 20.3% recorded in the previous year. Sustained efforts implemented to continuously improve asset qual ity have been effective. The Groups gross NPL ratio declined to 2.9% from 3.5% the previous year. The Groups net NPL ratio declined to 1.2% from 1.6% the previous year. The Groups net NPLs declined by RM0.5 billion to RM2.3 billion as at June 2010. The Groups NPL reserve cover (net of IIS) rose to a healthy 124.5% compared to 112.9% the previous year. 3.7 Deposits from Customers  [8]   The Groups customer deposits expanded by 11.4% or RM24.3 billion to RM236.9 billion while at the Bank level it grew by RM7.3% or RM11.9 billion to RM175.4 billion. The Groups strong franchise contributed to a growth of 9.1% for demand deposits and 9.9% for savings deposits. The Banks domestic operations remained the leader in both demand and savings deposits with market shares of 20.7% and 27.4% compared to 21.3% and 26.6% respectively in the previous year. Fixed deposits grew by 10.0% compared to 12.3% in the previous year. The Groups overall deposit funding mix improved slightly as the Groups higher cost fixed deposits declined to 55.1% of total customer deposits from 55.8% in June 2009 3.6.8 Deposits and Placements of Financial Institutions  [9]   This item fell by 19.2% or RM5.5 billion due to increase in deposits from customers (RM24 billion) which resulted in less sourcing of funds from interbank market. 3.6.9 Shareholders Equity  [10]   The Groups shareholders equity rose by 12.0% or RM3.0 billion to RM27.9 billion. The increase was mainly due to increase in retained profits for the year. 3.6.10 Net Interest Income  [11]   Net interest income of the Group increased by RM851.4 million or 14.4%. The average net interest margin was 2.82% from 2.72% the previous year due to lower interest expenses in the Malaysian operations, especially interest expenses from fixed deposits, and lower interest expenses in the Singapore operations as well as full year contribution from Bank Internasional Indonesia (BII) for financial year of 2010. 3.6.11 Islamic Banking  [12]   Net income from the Groups Islamic banking operations increased by RM210.4 million or 17.2% to RM1.4 billion. The increase was mainly due to growth of assets in Islamic business, specifically hire purchase and residential mortgages. 3.6.12 Overhead Expenses  [13]   The Groups overheads expenses rose by RM852.9 million or 15.3% over that of the corresponding year as a result of an increase in personnel cost, full-year contribution from BII and expansion of BII, higher establishment costs, and credit card related expenses due to higher transaction, volume. The Groups cost to income ratio declined to 49.8% from 52.8% previously as net income growth outpaced the growth in expenses. Personnel costs increased by RM364 million or 14.3% due to an increase in salary, EPF, bonus and training. Establishment costs increased by RM66.2 million as a result of higher cost from depreciation and rental. On a comparable basis, the Groups adjusted cost to income ratio (without insurance claims and unrealised loss) would be 47.8% against 49.1% for the previous financial year. 3.6.13 Loan and Financing Loss and Provisions  [14]   Loan loss and provisions of the Group amounted to RM1.2 billion, which is RM510.8 million or 30.1% lower than that of the previous year. This decrease was primarily due to high general provisions made in the final quarter of financial year end of 2009 resulting from the weak global economic situation. 3.6.13 Taxation  [15]   The effective tax rate of the Group is 26.1% which is higher than the statutory rate of 25% mainly due to non-deductible expenses. 3.7 CONCLUSION From the analysis it clearly shows that the financial performance of Maybank Islamic experienced a strong growth. The increasing of the loan product especially individual loan and also with the stable increase of total income after tax , in addition to that the reducing of non performing loan portrayed the growth of Maybank Islamic especially their financial performance . According to a rough estimation from the analysis, it clearly shows that Maybank Islamic can compete with other Islamic banking institution. Based on the total asset that is increasing yearly and non performing loans that are reducing, it portrayed that the total net asset of Maybank Islamic are going stronger. Besides that, the increasing of individual loan shows that this institution gaining the trust of the community. Although there is a slight fall in Islamic deposit, but it is mainly because of Islamic debt and sukuk debt that occur outside of the country resulting the cost of fund to increase, and it is not because of a belief of a people about Islamic product offered by Maybank Islamic are not interesting enough. As a conclusion, Maybank Islamic Berhad has a strong position in their field as their finance and asset position are really good.

Istanbul: Memories and the City, by Prhan Pamuk Essay -- Yahya Kemal, A

Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul: Memories and the City is an iridescent evocation of Istanbul’s fate, history, and cultural diversity recollected in the form of memories, allowing the readers to connect with Pamuk’s life experiences. The above is made possible through the use of both, past as well as present, which co-exist as a centerpiece in this memoir. To begin with, memories add a flavour of perceived thought about what the past holds dear to us and are therefore synonymous to history, helping to retell the author’s story, who wishes to convert each and every reader into an artist and commentator of the history of Istanbul. History is something written by ordinary people based on the biases of available data and at times, it is this ideology which casts a magic, stimulating us to revisit the past through our memories. Pamuk showcases history using an individualistic approach, interpreting Istanbul by means of his own thoughts which are original, and correct the existing incongruences put forward by other writers during that period of time. In all, the narrator takes the readers as a ‘tourist guide’ through the by lanes and shadowy corridors of Istanbul, motivating them to conceive their thoughts about the place. Memories can be defined as all of the precious moments which were lived by the author. He portrays a new instance every time, inviting the readers’ to indulge themselves in a ceaseless wave of emotions and experiences which have skillfully been exposed till the very end of this text. For example, Orhan’s memory about religious beliefs wherein he imagines God as a female stereotype wearing a white scarf, describing Her as a rare sight around human beings. Looking at the following lines, â€Å"Even so, whenever I am in a crowd, ... ...eal football matches using marbles, giving each piece a name with respect to the best player of the match. Also, they would constantly comment on the game, imitating how it’s done on live television. This not only showed their attachment to the game in particular, but also to each other. Orhan always imagined the atmosphere to be pulsating, and it was this excitement which transforms into reality, thereby taking the form of memories. Works Cited †¢ Istanbul: Memories and the City by Orhan Pamuk, Published: 2005 †¢ Matossian, Nouritza. "He's Still the Top Dog in Turkey." The Observer. Guardian News and Media, 17 Apr. 2005. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. . †¢ "Mirroring Istanbul." Global Perspectives on Orhan Pamuk. Ed. Mehnaz M. Afridi and David M. Buyze. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.

LAB REPORT :: essays research papers

Maury Matos  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1/14/02 AIM: Find out the mode of inheritance from crossing brown big eyed male and little eyed female, and to find out the fenotype and genotype of offspring. I took the F1 data and crossed it with another group to find the F2 data. Hypothesis: I think that the red eyes have dominant traits over brown eyes, and big eyes have dominant traits over little eyes. I got to this hypothesis because the F1 data proves that red big eyes are dominant because the offspring have big red eyes then the traits of red eyes and big eyes had to be homozygous dominant. Materials: 1. Flies 2. Vials 3. Fly food 4. Ether 5. Q-tip 6. Microscope Procedure: 1. Gather Materials. 2. Take empty vial and place all the flies in empty vial. 3. Put ether in vial to put them to sleep. 4. When they are asleep put them under a microscope to observe them. Data: Male  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female Brown big eyes - 0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown big eyes - 0 Brown little eyes - 0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown little eyes - 0 Red big eyes - 134  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red big eyes - 122 Red little eyes - 0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red little eyes - 0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ab  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ab ab  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aAbB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aAbb  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aabB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aabb (prediction) Male  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female Brown eyeless – 12.5%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown eyeless – 12.5% Brown big eyes – 12.5%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown big eyes – 12.5% Red big eyes – 12.5%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red big eyes – 12.5% Red eyeless – 12.5 %  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red eyeless – 12.5% (outcome) Male  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female Brown eyeless - 35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown big eyes - 33 Brown big eyes - 29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brown eyeless - 25 Red big eyes - 32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red big eyes - 26 Red eyeless - 32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Red eyeless - 28 Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct, because I crossed the F1 data and came with the outcome. I guessed that red eyes and big eyes had dominant traits. When flies are crossed they gotta have their parents genes and in this case the parents genes.

Psychology Resilience Paper Essay

â€Å"Our history does not determine our destiny,† stated Boris Cyrulnik, author of Resilience: How Your Inner Strength Can Set You Free From the Past. Resilience can come from many places in a person, but when looking at the nature versus nurture perspective, it is nature that most strongly determines how resilient a person will be, and not based quite as much upon how they were nurtured. As Cyrulnik said, it is not our history, in other words, not how we’ve been previously nurtured, that determines what we will become, or how resilient we will be in times of trial. Before discussing the idea of how nature applies to the idea of resilience, it is important to first understand what resilience is. Cyrulnik defined this word as such: â€Å"The ability to succeed, to live in a positive and socially acceptable way, despite the stress or adversity that would normally involve the real possibility of a negative outcome. † (Cyrulnik, 1999. ) this means that when a person goes through a hardship in their life, they continue to live normally instead of allowing it to affect their lives in a bad way. One important point that the textbook Invitation to Lifespan Psychology brought up was that â€Å"adversity must be significant† in order for a person to be considered resilient. (Berger, 2010. ) therefore, when discussing resilience, the problem that a person has to overcome must be major/life-changing for it to be considered resilience when it is overcome. While nurture may have an impact on how resilient a person can be, it is their nature that truly determines this. Cyrulnik gave an example of how two hundred children were at â€Å"serious parental and social risk. † (Cyrulnik, 1999. Out of those 200 children, 130 of them had serious mental and emotion issues in their lives decades later. However, that left 70 children that went on to lead completely normal lives. If this were to be looked at from the perspective of nurture being the key role in how resilient a child will be, it hardly makes sense. All 200 of these kids were in the same abusive type lifestyles; they were all nurtured the same. If it were nurture that determined how resilient a child will be, then it should have been closer to 200 kids that ended up being greatly negatively impacted later in life. 5% of the kids went on to lead normal lives. They were not nurtured to do so. It was in their very nature to continue to lead a positively normal life, so how they were nurtured could not affect that. Studies have shown that the ability for a child to make friends and learn new things can impact how resilient a child is. Berger stated in Invitation to Lifespan Psychology: â€Å"Another key aspect of resilience is whether or not a stressed child can develop friends, activities, and skills. (Berger, 2010. ) The social skills of a person is strongly dependent on their genes. In a study covered by CNN, they stated: â€Å"People who have two â€Å"G† variants of this oxytocin receptor gene tend to have better social skills and higher self-esteem. † (CNN, 2011 â€Å"Is empathy in our genes? † Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/2011/11/15/health/empathy-genes/index. html). This is important because, as Berger stated, the ability to make friends is a huge part of a child’s ability to become resilient. As CNN suggested, social skills are genetic, which leads to the idea that the ability to be resilient is linked to a person’s nature, and the better their genes are regarding social skills, the better the chance they have to become resilient. Not only are social skills hugely a part of the nature of a person, the need to interact with other people is deeply rooted in human nature. Cyrulnik gave the example of Michel, who spent three weeks in a camp during WWII after spending six months in hiding. (Cyrulnik, 1999. One might assume that a child would become very unhappy and depressed in a war camp, but Michel became thrilled, and felt as if he were at a party. This is because he had very little human interaction while he was in hiding, and he was finally able to interact with people when he was sent to the camp. He was resilient after his time in camp, able to move on with his life and not allow what happened to him to have a negative influence over his life. It was his human nature of needed contact with people and interaction that changed his whole perspective on his ordeal. He was nurtured well enough when in hiding, but he was miserable. It was his inborn nature that saved him because of the much-needed human interaction, which illustrated how it was his nature that was able to cause him to be resilient, and not the way that he was nurtured. Nurture will always impact people, but it is nature that impacts the lives and resilience of people the most. Cyrulnik describes multiple examples which help to illustrate this idea, such as the case of Michel. Resilience is what keeps people together when they have an intense struggle. Nature impacts the strength of that resilience.

Cross-Cultural Communication Game

Introduction Cross cultural communication becomes an essential element in the organization because of the increase and interest in globalization and the diversity in the work environments. The employees in the company will be separated into diverse groups and sub-groups, those groups will have their own verbal and non-verbal communication styles which may create disagreement or conflict within the organization, especially in the multinational company.Objectives of the game The major goals of the games are: I) Introducing to a group about communication pattern change when there are cultural differences, II) Understanding both cultural behaviors and communication patterns can impact negotiation between two groups. Equipment and materials required In terms of resources needed, an overhead projector, a computer and blackboard are needed during the game. Also, paper and gifts would be prepared too. Procedure 1.Divide the students into two groups which are Alpha group and Beta group, they will have a paper showing their own characteristics in the game 2. Choose two leaders in Alpha group and two leaders in Beta group 3. Solve the distribution of reward problem in their own group first. The first round discussion will be recorded by the game holder. 4. After 10 minutes, half of the members in each group will exchange to another group, they will discuss the problem again.They will have cross cultural communication through the group exchanging. The discussion will be recorded by the game holder. 5. Based on the above discussion, each group requires to reporting the results of the negotiation. Time allocation Our management game is â€Å"Alpha-Beta partnership†. Firstly, 3-5 minutes would be allocated on giving students the background information and objectives of the game, and separating them into 2 groups. Then 22 minutes would be the management game session.Lastly, the rest of time would be used to be a debriefing session and a simple conclusion on the manageme nt game. Activities| Time spend| Introduction| 3 minutes| Dividing into groups| 2 minutes| Game on Alpha-Beta partnership| 22 minutes(2 minutes for them to exchange)| Conclusion and feedback| 10 minutes| Reference: http://books. google. com. hk/books? id=49L0vgdcdLAC&pg=PA11&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

Alcohol Consumption Drosophila Melanogaster

Alcohol consumption in sexually frustrated fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster Ankit Sharma April 8, 2013 BIO 534 Introduction The fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster show addiction-like behavior towards alcohol where the flies seem to be physiologically dependent on (Atkinson et. al. , 2012). The flies can thus exhibit a cognitive dependence where such behavior is stored in memory and same behavior is also shown in the future. This addiction is linked to NPY neuropeptide levels which can be found in Drosophila where these neuropeptides serve as feeding stimulants (Shen et. al. , 2005).Alcohol consumption rate is higher when these NPY neuropeptide levels are suppressed (Wilcox, 2012). Thus, such factors are linked to the idea that fruit flies consume food that contains alcohol more than regular food, and such behavior increases over time (Devineni and Heberlein, 2009). Sexual frustration is also linked to increase in consumption of alcohol. Fruit flies consumed less alcohol when they were sexually satisfied because sex raised NPF levels and the flies consumed more alcohol when they were sexually frustrated because their NPF levels were suppressed (Azanchi et. l. , 2012). The purpose of the experiment is to determine if sexually frustrated male fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster resort to alcohol after being rejected by females. Thus, the experiment will determine if the number of sexually frustrated fruit flies will be higher where there is alcohol in the environment than non-sexually frustrated fruit flies. The hypothesis to be tested is null hypothesis. The null hypothesis states that sexual frustration has no effect on alcohol consumption by male fruit flies.Thus, there will not be a significantly higher number of rejected male fruit flies in an alcohol environment than non-sexually frustrated flies. Materials and Methods Two plastic cylindrical vials were used to place wingless wild type fruit flies. The vials contained same amount of medium for food. Both vials contained regular medium for food. The fruit flies were anesthesized and 40 males and 40 females were separated. 20 males were placed in a vial with 20 females that were decapitated by a razor blade. 20 separate males were placed in a different vial with 20 females.The experiment was conducted over a period of 4 days. Two more vials were made, both containing 21% alcohol on one half side of the medium which was the closest percentage available compared to 15% ethanol used in other experiments. The males with decapitated females were transferred to one of the vials with alcohol. The males with regular females were transferred to the other vial with alcohol. The number of flies present on alcohol and normal side of the medium was recorded in both vials for 20 minutes in 1 minute increments. Three trials were conducted.The mean numbers of fruit flies present on the two sides of both vials were calculated. The mean was calculated by the summation of the number of fruit flies in e ach sides of the vials and divided by 120. The null hypothesis was tested by conducting a two-tailed t-test. Results For all the number of fruit flies observed in the two vials (n=120) there was a significant difference in the number of fruit flies in the two vials in the (t=4. 87, df=118, p