Swot analysis of Adams Aircraft

Free Essays on After Sept 11

University of Saint Francis Will We ever be Safe Again? CONTENTS Personal Story (what lead me to my investigation) 5-8 Investigation Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-13 Interview13-14 Interview Commentary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....15 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 As I was sitting in professor Cox’s psychology 101 class, September eleventh started off as any regular day for me. I was still getting used to my first semester of being a college student but I was still able to notice something was a little different today. Surprisingly almost every student was late to class, even professor Cox who is usually one of the first to arrive. Just as I was packing up by book bag to leave, because I thought class was cancelled, Professor Cox and a couple students walked in. The persona of professor Cox was somewhat out of the ordinary though, the look on his face actually scared me. Professor Cox, being a physiologist, is usually in a positive mood beginning each class by saying good morning to each and every student and always having a huge smile on his face that seemed to stretch from ear to ear, but this morning of September eleventh many things changed. As the students started flowing into class each and everyone of them seemed to be engulfed in a deep conversation of some sort. At first I thought they were talking about a party this weekend, but I could tell by the looks on there faces that partying was the last thing on there minds. I always seemed to be the last to know everything, I really wanted to find out what everyone was talking about. In this case though, I wish I would have never known. I yelled across the room to one of my soccer teammates Mark. Mark was a year older than me and in the Army reserve. Mark came walking over to me with his freshly shaved head gleaming in the sun that seemed to peak in through the window. ‘Mark† I said, â€Å"What is going on, what the hell i... Free Essays on After Sept 11 Free Essays on After Sept 11 University of Saint Francis Will We ever be Safe Again? CONTENTS Personal Story (what lead me to my investigation) 5-8 Investigation Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-13 Interview 13-14 Interview Commentary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....15 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 16  As I was sitting in professor Cox’s psychology 101 class, September eleventh started off as any regular day for me. I was still getting used to my first semester of being a college student but I was still able to notice something was a little different today. Surprisingly almost every student was late to class, even professor Cox who is usually one of the first to arrive. Just as I was packing up by book bag to leave, because I thought class was cancelled, Professor Cox and a couple students walked in. The persona of professor Cox was somewhat out of the ordinary though, the look on his face actually scared me. Professor Cox, being a physiologist, is usually in a positive mood beginning each class by saying good morning to each and every student and always having a huge smile on his face that seemed to stretch from ear to ear, but this morning of September eleventh many things changed. As the students started flowing into class each and everyone of them seemed to be engulfed in a deep conversation of some sort. At first I thought they were talking about a party this weekend, but I could tell by the looks on there faces that partying was the last thing on there minds. I always seemed to be the last to know everything, I really wanted to find out what everyone was talking about. In this case though, I wish I would have never known. I yelled across the room to one of my soccer teammates Mark. Mark was a year older than me and in the Army reserve. Mark came walking over to me with his freshly shaved head gleaming in the sun that seemed to peak in through the window. ‘Mark† I said, â€Å"What is going on, what the hell i...

The professional nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The professional nurse - Essay Example ing are responsible for taking strategic decisions about the practice of nursing and they have to develop new practices in the light of new research findings (May & Veitch, 1998). The officials of Board are also blessed with the authority of hold trails against unethical and deficient practices. However, Professional Nursing Organization has to train new recruits according to changing needs and requirements of the field which are passed by the Board of Nursing and other organizations like it (Functional Differences in PNO and Board of Nursing). Secondly, conditions imposed by Ethical Code of Nursing works in order to generally benefit the staff but it limits me from showing too much compassion towards patients because they may seek intimate relations (Williams, 2001). However, in some cases, I literally know that I can do more but I have to refrain myself from overindulgence. Thirdly, Ethical Code helps me in terms of saving my character from staining and I am trained to circumvent s exual advances of patients by limiting my services to fulfillment of minimal professional duties. Nurses are there to help the ill irrespective of their race, gender and economic situation and they have to show compassion to an acceptable degree as well (Read, Adiibokah, & Nyame, 2009). On the other hand, they are supposed to work in order to improve the quality of life of the patients by keeping them in a lively environment and they should encourage them to spend their time in healthy activities. Need Theory had influenced my pattern of work and I have been an optimistic person in the direction of my work in early days. However, as I grew in my experience then, I became more and more convinced that I shall render minimal medical aid to sick and encourage them to take charge of their recovery process (Sullivan, Menapace, & White, 2001). Human Caring Theory in my personal view is conveying one and the same thing as Need Theory because we cannot make one well if he or she is not hopeful

Reducing the rate CO2 emissions by reducing deforestation in poorer Essay

Reducing the rate CO2 emissions by reducing deforestation in poorer countries. Should richer countries pay poorer countries to stop cutting down trees - Essay Example Hence, the environment faces many stern adverse effects. For instance, there is habitat loss causing numerous species that are dependent on the forests to go extinct. Notwithstanding, there is a massive climate change attributed to the acts of deforestation. Essentially, there is an urgent need for the developed countries to intervene and provide funds for poorer nations to help thwart deforestation. Arguably, reduction of emissions emanating from deforestation and environmental degradation can greatly assist in curbing global warming and climate change. Nevertheless, developing nations are not in a position to avoid deforestation because they depend on agriculture for their food security. The situation leads to a need for more land that is essential for agriculture due to a rapidly growing human population. In return, more forests are in danger since they face an invasion from the farmers. Notably, if the developed nations could intervene, more forests can be saved. In subduing deforestation in poorer countries, developed countries need to come together and establish treaties that would support other food production methods. For instance, the alternative methods of agricultural production are expensive for poorer countries to implement. As such, they resort to cheap and easy methods of land cultivation that requires large tracts leading to increased cutting of trees. Thus, fina ncial support to implement such means of alternative agriculture can save the forests a great deal. Poverty has played a substantial role in the degradation of the environment. Most of the world’s rainforests reside in the poorest countries in the universe. The inhabitants of these poor regions rely on the forest ecosystems for survival. Activities in this context entail collection of wood for fuel, gathering, hunting, and they receive some finances from companies that exploit the forest resources. Similarly, most of the people

ENG315 week1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ENG315 week1 - Coursework Example In the long run, the system control could no longer work as expected and there were some managerial-worker conflicts in the company. Given an opportunity to change the flow of information in decision making at this company, I could prefer the predictive control of distributed decision making method. The system has got four key aspects, which include; the predictive mode of team decision making, the fitness function as the second aspect, thirdly there is the optimization of information structure and finally the forecast decision making requirement. This system achieves convenience by the fact that stakeholders act as both decision makers and implementers. Although all of us make decisions every day, some of the decisions are straightforward while others are complex and indirect. In business decision making, this systematic approach to decision making is essential to address critical elements that can result into timely decisions (Bhushan & Kanwal, 2004). Moreover, there is no conflict of interests because every stakeholder is involved in decision making as well as implementing. With this organization, every stakeholder is motivated to work since every contribution is considered

Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in Pregnancy

Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in Pregnancy Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy: Disparities in healthcare system between low and high income countries Introduction To create achievement in this modern era of society,reproductive health of women has an unlimited impacttowards national, international and global health concerns. Among them, severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia areglobal health problems which contribute towards increased postpartum psychosis,increasedlifelong hypertension and other health related issues which inflatesthe percentage towards 2-8% of all pregnancies and related with 9-26% of maternal deaths internationally and 15% of preterm births (World Health Organization, 2005). Severe pre- eclampsia, eclampsia, sepsis, unsafe abortion, post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) and prolonged labour are the major derivativesof maternal death worldwide (Duley, 2009; Steegers et al, 2010). As stated by Millennium Development Goals report 2015, later 1990, the maternal death ratio has declined by 45 percent worldwide, and most of the reduction has occurred after 2000. Most of the reduction has occurred after 2000. The percentage of maternal mortality had diminished by 64 percent from 1990 to 2013 globally. Whereas, in Sub-Saharan Africa   it dropped by 49 percent (United Nation MDG Report, 2015). Getting all antenatal visits, using contraceptive methods prior and after pregnancy period, willing to allow skilled birth attendant to assist in the process of childbirth, media advertisement of the adverse effects of home delivery etc. have supported towards maintaining the decrease drift of the maternal mortality ratio after 2000. Within Northern Africa, an improved ratio of 59 percentages in mortality rate has shown in 1990 in the MDG report, 2015. The quantity of expectant women who obtained four or more than four antenatal visits raised from 50 percent to 89 percent since 1990 to 2015. Contraceptive manifestation among women aged 15 to 49, married or in a harmony, increased from 55 percent to 64 per cent in the year between1990 to 2015 globally. Skill health personnel globally assisted over and above, 71 percent of births in 2014 which helps to fall the death rate during delivery (United Nation MDG Report, 2015). Justification/ Rationale The predicted trend of maternal death was 183 in 2005 (World Health Organization, 2005). The fifth attention of Millennium Development Goal was 75% diminution of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 1990 to 2015. From 1990 to 2015, maternal mortality worldwide dropped by 44% (WHO, UNICEF, World Bank, 2016). Roughly, 830 women die from pregnancy and childbirth related medical issues globally per day according to the (WHO fact sheet, November 2016). Between 2016 and 2030, according to the Sustainable Development Goals target, we aim at dropping the maternal mortality ratio which is fewer than 70 maternal deaths per 1 million live child birth worldwide by 2030 (Alkema et al., 2016). Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are the main causes of death of childbearing mother. These diseases help to develop postpartum psychosis and lifelong hypertension after giving childbirth so that if the mother stays alive she gets these groups of diseases afterwards which leads towards decrease in QALY (Quality adjusted life Index) by adding an amount of maternal morbidity ratio which is a threat to conceive further. In these regards, I am concentrating on the topics of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia now, which can be prevented by prudent and proactive management of respective health care system. Healthcare system varies in different socio-economic condition of the country e.g. the United Kingdom abide by the rules of Beveridge Model whereas low income countries e.g. south Asia, South Africa stands by Out-of-Pocket Model. Among the four basic models (Beveridge model, Bismark model, national health insurance model, out of pocket model), the Beveridge model is arranged and funded by the government through income tax payment or National Insurance. It is perhaps the worlds purest model of Health care system. United Kingdom is following this model where we do not need to pay any doctors bill, which is a progressive facilitator towards reducing maternal mortality on the way to attaining goals and encouraging people towards getting more and more touch with the physicians. On the other hand, poor nations e.g. South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, etc. counties are following the out of pocket model whereas they do not have any organized healthcare system. The basic rule in much model is the rich gets the medical care because they could provide healthcare professionals with monetary amounts and the poor lag behind and die. Besides, there is scarcity of knowledge, education, and vehicle to go to a doctor even in case of life threatening condition of those people. Moreover, women are portrayed as a second gender in those deprived countries so there are also inequities in social position, which leads them towards lack of access to the health care system. Sometimes there are other issue which lead pregnant women to stay at home and deliver babies such as environmental hazards e.g. flood, drought, heavy rain, tornado, etc. Living in geographically hard to reach areas, cultural trends, natural disasters make them to do so. This health care system of Beveridge model achieves 0% maternal mortality ratio in 2015 in case of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia related maternal mortality ratio (REF). So to reduce maternal death related to eclampsia and pre-eclampsia in low income countries, we can follow this best models management system. In most the articles, literatures, journals had taken the data of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia together because eclampsia is the end stage of pre-eclampsia condition including convulsion, so it is nearly impossible to discuss them separately. For this above reason, I am discussing both of the issues altogether as an overall view. A significant number of perinatal deaths of mother in some areas of the world reflects discrimination in access to health facilities and highlights the gap between rich and poor. Maternal mortality and morbidity are higher among the poor rural populations in developing nations. Practically all maternal demises (99%) occur in developing countries. For an example in sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of these maternal deaths occur as well as in South Asia, nearly one-third of these unpredictable deaths occur due to the delicate and humanitarian settings. According to the recent data of World health organization, the maternal mortality ratio in developing countries in 2015 was 239 per 1 million live births opposed to 12 per 1 million live births in developed countries (WHO Factsheet, 2016). In rural Bangladesh, more than 75% of neonatal births as well as delivery occur at home in the absence of skilled birth attendant (Sikder et al., 2014). As a consequence, the majority of obstetric complications defined as acute conditions such as sepsis, eclampsia, haemorrhage, and obstructed labour that can cause maternal deaths arise in the home (Belizà ¡n, Buekens, Althabe, Bergel, 2006) Healthcare system professionals are more in quantities in the urban setting than in the rural healthcare system in the out-of-pocket model, whereas we can see the equal distribution of caregivers and physicians in Beveridge Model.

Fitness program for Football

Many things affect your performance in games. Training preparation and fitness definitely affect your performance in games this is because when you train you improve everything needed to play football. If you exercise and train on cardiovascular endurance therefore you can last a whole game without tiring which is great because then you can play without the team having the strain of carrying you through the match. So if you train you become fitter if the training involves steady progression, this will enable you to play the game without tiring or straining yourself to hard. The better and more you exercise won't just affect your fitness it affects all three aspects of your health. The three aspects of health are social, mental and physical well-being. If you do exercise the social well-being would improve because you go to classes and meet people and make new friends so exercise = more friends+ and greater social well being. Exercise helps your mental well-being because you deal with stress and new skills and tactics giving you focus and determination. It also helps when the day is bad for oneself you can go out and relieve stress and tension that has built up during the day. Exercise helps physically because overweight people burn body fat and skinny people build muscles and give them a nice shape. It also prevents heart disease and high blood pressure, back pain and some cancers. Swimming and walking help people with asthma and all this gives a higher life expectancy so exercise looks good for everyone but too much can cause illness and make you more susceptible to flu. The reason for training is to improve your ability to take part in physical activity. Training has certain principles that apply no matter no matter what sport you undertake. These are: (S) Specificity (P) Progression (O) Overload (R) Reversibility (T) This is there because it is a simple way of remembering the principles of training Specificity Any type of training must be suitable or specific to the activity that you are training for E.g. A strength building programme will not train your body in order to run a marathon. Aswell as choosing a type of training you may wish to train concentrate on part of the body too E.g. strength building on the legs. SPECIFIC EXERCISES WILL NOT PRODUCE SPECIFIC RESULTS Each activity will have different specific demands. Most physical activities require a combination of exercises and it is important to analyse exactly what is required and those requirements can be met. It will even be necessary to identify relevant muscle groups. Overload This is making the body work harder than normal in order to improve it. Overload can be achieved in the following ways. Frequency of training: To start with you may only train twice a week with a recovery period in between. This could be increased to every other day and then to five times a week to create overload. Intensity: You can increase the intensity by simply working harder at the training method you are using e.g. twenty minute jog at 50 % of max speed increased to twenty minute jog at 60 % of max speed. Time/ Duration: Refers to the length of each training session and this should be made longer to achieve overload. Unfortunately we can't increase the time of each session because we are confined to lesson times. Your body responds to overload by adapting to it. Used sensibly it will lead to an improvement. Progression The training you are doing and particularly the amount of overload must be increased progressively. In other words, as your adapts to the increased demands that you are putting on it, then that demand should be steadily increased. If you sty at the same level so will your fitness, but you must not do too much too soon, this will lead to injury. Reversibility If you either stop or decrease your training you go into reverse and lose the effect. There are three heart rate zones they are normal, which is below 60% of your highest heart rate and there is aerobic respiration, which is above 60% of your max heart rate, and below 85% of max heart rate then there is anaerobic respiration, which is above 85% of max heart rate. When your heart rate is normal this means no benefit from training so this is bad so I have to make myself go above 60% of my max heart rate for someone my age because everyone has a different heart rate. It is believed that your max heart rate is 220- your own age e.g. 220 – 15 = 205 beats a minute which is extremely fast therefore 123 is my aerobic point and 174 is my anaerobic point. A way you can see your anaerobic point is on this graph: To make my fitness programme effective for my current level of fitness I will use many bits of information gathered such as the results from nine fitness tests preformed in class times also I will use whether recent illness has effected my performance of late. The results were in a table like this one: This table shows that I had an average attempt but can improve in allot of areas so I will focus on these areas. The areas that most concerns me is co-ordination and reactions this is because they are needed most of the time playing football e.g. when I need to dribble and look up for options so this is good when a cross can get into the box. Reactions are needed in football when the ball can't be seen when it is crossed then at the last minute you see it and need to control it. So in my programme I will be using this information to get these different fitness components improved. Over the last two weeks I have had lots to eat this being bad food for fitness because it is that time of year so this may effect my ability at the start of the course. I have had no real illness but the slight illness has now gone and I am back to normal and fighting fit. My football skills always need to be improved so I will use practices to improve passing and shooting techniques so these will be included to my fitness programme. Also I will do a little on control because it makes no harm practicing that. You should always do a warm up before each main activity because it is light exercise to get the blood pumping around the body. Also during a warm up your muscles get by the blood flowing around them gets faster and this lowers the risk of injury. The warm up also heats up synovial fluid this makes joints more mobile. When stretching in a warm up this helps muscles, tendons and ligaments from getting strained. When doing simple skills this your muscles but also helps psychologically. So this light exercise helps all three elements of health if doing in a group. In a good warm up before any sport there should be three main phases a gross body movement stage where by you do simple jogging for a long time doing such things as bringing your knees up to your chest, flicking your bottom with your heels then when you feel it is good gradually get faster into sprinting. This is to get the blood pumping around your body this also may improve slightly on cardio vascular endurance. Remember go from slow to a faster speed. My gross body movement arrangement can be shown in this diagram: The second stage of any warm up should be stretching this will help loosen the main joints this also helps to stop muscles, tendons and ligaments straining. The stretching phase should start from your ankles upwards stretching nearly every muscle. To improve flexibility you should stretch from 10-30 seconds and doing it regularly should be 8-10 seconds. The stretches used should be one as these: The next stage in the warm up is the skills stage, which helps the psychological side giving focus and determination. In this stage there should be simple tasks, which involve skills needed in a game e.g. passing against the wall controlling it and passing again and other various simple tasks. After the main activity there should be a cool down this should be included because helps your body recover after vigorous activity. Like the warm up this has phases but only two they are gross body movement and stretching. The gross body movement stage this time is to give oxygen to the muscles meaning lactic acid can be removed thus giving the muscle less stiffness. During the warm up you go from slow to fast this time go from fast to slow. Use many of the techniques shown in section five on the warm up. Finish off the cool down with some stretches this should loosen your muscles and prevent stiffness because usually after exercise muscles are often tight. As before in the warm up go from ankles upwards. Use the stretches shown in the warm up section. To monitor my performance of my activities in the 6 sessions I will use this table: I have used this table because it sets a target for each session and shows how close I was to meeting the target so if my sessions are good I should reach the target easily each time. I will make sure that the area is safe for others and myself. I will pack things away and leave them in safe places and make sure they are out of the way. I will try to set up things in an area that is out of the way of other people so noone is harmed. I will put things away immediately away after use. I will wear suitable clothing that is easy to do all the activities required.

Martin Luther King, Jr.: An Unfulfilled Dream Essay

Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman and Nobel Prize winner. He was one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement and an advocate of nonviolent protest. His challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950s and 1960s convinced many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. After his assassination in 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. became a symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 King in Atlanta, Georgia to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. His first name was listed on his birth records as Michael instead of Martin. Apparently, their family doctor thought that his father’s name was Michael who was known as Mike throughout his childhood. Later on his first name was changed to Martin. King attended elementary and high school at local segregated public schools, where he excelled. He entered college at nearby Morehouse College at age 15 and in 1948 graduated with a bachelor’s degree in sociology. He was ordained as Baptist minister at the age of 18. He graduated with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951. King also went to Boston University where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955. King’s public-speaking abilities developed slowly during his collegiate years. While in Morehouse College he won a second-place prize in a speech contest although he received Cs in two public-speaking courses in his first year at Crozer. However, by the end of his third year at Crozer, professors were praising King for the powerful impression he made in public speeches and discussions. Later on, King’s public-speaking abilities became renowned during his involvement in the civil rights movement . Martin Luther King, Jr. was exposed to influences that related Christian theology to the struggles of oppressed peoples during his education. His studies of the teachings of Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi influenced his attitude on nonviolent protests. He was also influenced by the sermons of white Protestant ministers who preached against American racism. A very important person who shaped King’s theological development was Benjamin E. Mays who was the president of Morehouse College and who was also a leader in the national community of racially liberal clergymen. While studying in Boston University, King met Coretta Scott who was a music student and native of Alabama. The two were married in 1953 and eventually would have four children. King accepted his first pastorate at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This church has a well-educated congregation and had recently been led by a minister who had protested against segregation. In 1955, while King was serving as a pastor in Montgomery, Alabama, the black community has a long-standing grievances about their maltreatment in city buses. The blacks are often bullied and only allowed to sit at the back portion of the bus. In December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a leading member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was arrested because of her refusal to give up her seat for a white passenger. This event led to the formation of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) where King was chosen to be the president. Their association directed the bus boycott in Montgomery that lasted for more than a year. In February 1956, they filed a lawsuit in federal court seeking an injunction against Montgomery’s segregated seating practices. The federal court ordered the city’s buses to be desegregated. The city government appealed the ruling to the United States Supreme Court and by the time the Supreme Court upheld the lower court decision in November 1956, King was already a national figure. He wrote a memoir of the bus boycott entitled Stride Toward Freedom in 1958. His memoir provided a thoughtful account of that experience and further extended King’s national influence. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was founded with his help in 1957. The SCLC is an organization of black churches and ministers that aimed to challenge racial segregation. King became the SCLC’s president and with other SCLC leaders encouraged the use of nonviolent direct action to protest discrimination and segregation. Their activities included demonstrations, boycotts and marches. These activities provoked violent responses from some whites that eventually forced the federal government to confront the issues of racism and injustices in the South. King made alliances in the north and in 1960 went back to Atlanta and became a co-pastor to his father at the Ebenezer Baptist Church. King led SCLC in a series of protest campaigns in the early 1960’s that gained national attention. In 1961, the first campaign was held in Albany, Georgia. SCLC joined their local demonstrations against segregated restaurants, hotels, transit, and housing. However, this protest was not successful. In 1963, the SCLC joined a local protest in Birmingham, Alabama. Teenagers and school children were encouraged to join. The chief of police, Eugene Connor, was angered and sent police officers with attack dogs and ordered firefighters to aim high-pressure water hoses against the marchers. The police attack on young protesters were shown in newspapers and on televisions around the world. King was arrested and sent to jail for creating disorder in the city. . He wrote a letter – â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† – which argued that individuals had the moral right and responsibility to disobey unjust laws. His letter was widely read at the time and has added to King’s standing as a moral leader. Because of the violence in the Birmingham protest, it brought about a national reaction that built the support for the struggle for black civil rights. The protests forced white leaders to end some forms of segregation in Birmingham. More importantly, the demonstrations gave courage to many Americans to support national legislation against segregation. On August 28, 1963, King delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech which in part states: â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. ’ †¦ I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † He delivered this speech during the 1963 March on Washington, a massive protest in Washington, D. C. , for jobs and civil rights. The speech and the march created the political momentum that resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This Act prohibited segregation in public accommodations, as well as discrimination in education and employment. King was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for peace because of his effectiveness as a leader of the American civil rights movement and his highly visible moral stance. In 1965, SCLC joined a voting-rights protest march from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery. Just outside of Selma, police beat and tear-gassed the marchers. This day became known as Bloody Sunday. The Selma march created support for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This act suspended the use of literacy tests and other voter qualification tests that often had been used to prevent blacks from registering to vote. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law in August 1965. Later amendments to the act were banned. In 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee, to support striking black garbage workers. On April 4, a sniper in Memphis assassinated him. News of King’s assassination resulted to shock and anger throughout the nation and the world. In 1969, an escaped white convict named James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of King. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison. Martin Luther King’s dream was to have equality and justice for all especially the black people. Segregation and racial discrimination are the things that he fought for. But what is racism or racial discrimination? Where did it stem from? What has caused it? Racism refers to a belief that advocates discriminating against people based on an ascribed race. It often includes the belief that people of a particular race has a particular aptitude and characteristics. Some people believed that races could be ranked or scaled. Others divide people into groups based mainly on skin color. Racism is not the same as racial prejudice. Racism can also be referred to as a system of oppression. Institutional racism is based on the notions that one race is superior to other races. Organizations, institutions and other groups that practice racism usually discriminate or marginalize a certain class of people who share a common racial designation. The majority or dominant group in a society commonly applied racism because it is the group that has the means to oppress others. Majority groups usually constitute a higher proportion of a given population. Minority group, on the other hand is a group of people who share a common ethnic, racial, or religious backgrounds. They usually constitute a comparatively small proportion of a given population. Most often, they have fewer rights and less power than majority groups. One of the reasons for having minority group in a particular society is immigration. Based on history, racism has been an integral part of America. It started during the time of America’s colonization by the Europeans. During the colonization, African slaves and other Europeans (those who are serving indentured servitude) both served the European colonizers. A few Africans were given freedom and land grant and became landowners. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt against the Governor of Virginia because of his exploitation of poorer colonists. Bacon died and the revolt died with him. However, what concerned the Governor and the rich landowners was the multi-racial support of Bacon’s rebellion. This lead to decision the only African slaves will be used. Furthermore, anti- miscegenation laws were passed on so that intermarriages between European and other races were prevented. This change led to the long period of slavery in American society and the social rift along color lines soon become ingrained in colonial American culture. On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed all slaves in the United States. Only slaveholding border states which is not still a part of the Union were exempted from this proclamation. Slavery was ended in the whole United States by virtue of the declaration of the 13th Amendment on December 18, 1865. However, discrimination against black and other minority groups continued. Proofs of discrimination are the existence of Jim Crow laws, the enactment of Minimum wages, educational disparities and segregations in schools, and the widespread criminal acts done by local and vigilante groups. The fight of Martin Luther King and his supporters, which has been mentioned in the early part of the research, led to the abolition of segregation and the granting of voting rights to black. However, King’s dream of equality and non-prejudice and justice for everyone has not been fulfilled yet. There are still places in the United States where racial discrimination could still be observed. Hispanic people are of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Latin Americans are often viewed as a monolithic group in the Anglo-American society. They are called Latinos and are portrayed as passionate or violent people. The influx of Hispanic immigrants, whether legal or illegal, has elicited anti-Latino sentiments especially in areas that have traditionally has no or had a very few Hispanic residents. On the other hand, places like California and Southern Florida where Hispanic Americans have long been present, racial tensions between Hispanics and non-Hispanics are sometimes visible, more often when Hispanics gain economic and political clout. Due to the diversity of background of Hispanic people in the United States, racist policies also vary widely. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo granted American citizenship to Mexicans living in America after the Mexican War. The intermarriages of Anglo-Americans and Hispanics in the Southwest that produced mestizos are still socially excluded from â€Å"whites† of Northern European descent. Racism against Arab Americans is proportionately rising with the tensions between the American government and the Arab world. In 1973, weeks after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, an Ivy League graduating class wore Arab dresses in racist mockery. During the 1991 Gulf War and the Oklahoma City bombing and the Teheran embassy hostage crisis in 1979 racism against Arab Americans escalated. Discrimination and cultural violence against them profoundly increased after the September 11th terrorists attacks in the United States. In 2001, a Sikh man was killed in Phoenix, Arizona. It was a racially-motivated incident because the man’s beard and turban was a reminder of Osama bin Laden. In Houston, Texas, an Indian American candidate for the Houston City Council lost to his opponent because of anti-Asian Indian campaign made by the supporter of his opponent. Although the allegation has been denied, the Indian American lost during the election. A few groups still openly advocate white supremacy in the United States. These groups include the Ku Klux Klan, the National Alliance, Aryan Nations, and several smaller groups like the White Order of Thule. A number of small white supremacist groups have recently been started as a reaction to the influx of Somali and Hmong immigrants particularly in the Midwest. Some of these groups target teens. Some recording companies are distributing openly racist songs in popular teen hangouts. The changing racial make up of the United States population has caused the inclusion of other races in the equation. Presently, Latin Americans and Asian Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. These groups have redefined the relationship between races. At least four states, namely, California, Texas, Hawaii and New Mexico including the District of Columbia are deemed to be â€Å"majority minority† states meaning whites are not the majority of the population. Several acts and proclamations have been enacted and declared by the former presidents of the United States to abolish racial segregation, discrimination and prejudice. It can be said that these acts and proclamations have paved the way for better lives and opportunities for â€Å"non whites†. America has come a long way from its slavery days during the colonial American era to the present. It can be said that a part of King’s dream, his dream for his children to be recognized not by the color of their skin but by the content of their characters, has been realized. This is shown in today’s acceptance of the black population in the American society. African-Americans can be seen in the different sectors of the society. There are now black doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers and politicians. They enjoy both economic and political clout. The use of the terms â€Å"niggers† or â€Å"negroes† are considered politically incorrect. They enjoy all the benefits that a â€Å"white American† enjoys. Yet, the other part of King’s dream has not been fulfilled, that is, his dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. ’ America has yet to rise up and live out the meaning of its creed. Why has America not live up to its creed? When America opened its door not only to the Europeans and Africans but also to several other races, the result is a diversified American population in terms of ethic and cultural backgrounds. These differences contributed to the racial prejudice of the white Americans to non-whites. The long-ingrained social rift along color lines, which goes back to colonial American culture, has been deepened. Also, immigrants from other countries are easily intimidated by white Americans. They usually come from countries that were colonized by the United States. They have the mentality that white Americans are superior to them. They also normally come to America in search of greener pasture. These immigrants arrive in the United States with only limited amount of money. They are prey to abusive white Americans when their cash run out. The influx of immigration created more problems than benefits. The high immigration rates threatened America’s common culture and increased competition for jobs. Wages were lowered. Only employers profited while injuring labor, and especially harming those at the bottom of the job market. The increase in immigration also led to new issues. In the later part of the 20th century, issues arose about whether group identity challenged national identity. Many Americans wanted to preserve a sense of national unity while respecting social diversity. They debated the pros and cons of bilingual education, the impact of multiculturalism, and the merits of affirmative action policies in education and employment. The debate over affirmative action is likely to continue, in public and in the courts. Americans will have to balance individual rights against group rights, to consider problems that involve national identity versus group identity, to be both colorblind and race-conscious, and to foster unity while appreciating diversity. E pluribus unum (from many, one) thus remains a vital concept. The experience of the last decades of the century suggests that the pursuit of American ideals—of liberty, equality, and democracy—is a process that rests on conflict as well as consensus. Nature dictates that people agree and disagree with one another. If everybody agrees with everybody, life would be boring. There would be no ups and downs, no joys and sorrows. For now, King’s dream will remain unfulfilled. REFERENCES C. S. King, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. (1969) Robert J. Norrell, Martin Luther King, Jr. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2004. Norman Dorsen and Jethro K. Lieberman, Civi Rights and Civil Liberties, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2004 David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. , and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1986) David L. Lewis, King: A Critical Biography (1970). Bullock III, C. S. & Rodgers Jr. , H. R. (1976) â€Å"Institutional Racism: Prerequisites, Freezing, and Mapping†. Phylon 37 (3), 212-223. Woolf, S. H. , Johnson, R. E. , Fryer Jr, G. E. , Rust, G. , & Satcher, D. (2004). â€Å"TheHealth Impact of Resolving Racial Disparities: An Analysis of US Mortality Data†. American Journal of Public Health, 94 (12), 2078-2081. Rosten, Leo (1968) â€Å"The Joys of Yiddish† Martin Luther King, Jr. : I Have a Dream (1986 History Film) Racial liberalism era Zoot Suit Riots inner city

Impact of Enrons collapse on the accounting profession Essays

Impact of Enrons collapse on the accounting profession Essays Impact of Enrons collapse on the accounting profession Essay Impact of Enrons collapse on the accounting profession Essay The fiscal travesty at Enron Corporation in US corporate sector dented public sentiment over the effectivity and moralss of fiscal accounting, coverage, and scrutinizing procedures. President George W. Bush signed into jurisprudence the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to guarantee the effectivity of answerability criterions for managers and top executives. The Act is structured into 11 rubrics. These rubrics are farther subdivided into 66 subdivisions which deal with hearer s independency, corporate duty, enhanced fiscal revelations, struggles of involvement, corporate answerability, among other things. The chief focal point of my reappraisal will be on subdivision 404: Internal Control. Section 404: Internal Controls. States Management must province their duty in set uping, maintaining, and analysing the internal control construction, and must measure the effectivity of such procedures 2. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION The mission of the US Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect investors, maintain just, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. ( US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2006 ) . Equally shortly as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was signed into jurisprudence, the execution function and the authorization to supervise the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ( PCAOB ) were assigned to Securities Exchange Commission ( SEC ) . Schaeffer ( 2006 ) states that although Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was signed into jurisprudence, corporate components were given a small leeway in following with assorted demands, and SEC besides had to widen the conformity deadline for another twelvemonth for the non accelerated filers to follow with the filing demands under the subdivision 404 of the Act. 3. PUBLIC COMPANY ACCOUNTING OVERSIGHT BOARD The passage of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. PCAOB is a private-sector, non-profit corporation created by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 to supervise the accounting professionals who provide independent audit study for publically traded companies. ( US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2006 ) . Their vision is to seek to be a theoretical account regulative administration. Using advanced and cost effectual tools, the PCAOB purposes to better audit quality, cut down the hazard of scrutinizing failures in the U.S. public securities market and advance public trust in both the fiscal coverage procedure and scrutinizing profession. ( Public Company Oversight Board, 2003-2010 ) . The PCAOB has been empowered to implement disciplinary and remedial actions against accounting professionals for breach of regulations and accounting criterions. They carry out these maps through standard scenes, appraisal, and enforcement programs. PCAOB issued Auditing Standard No.2 ( AS2 ) : Audited accounts of Internal Control over Financial Reporting Performed in Conjunction with an Audited account of Fiscal Statements. They concluded that the best attack to run into all the demands is to follow the COSO Framework. This was foremost published in 1992 by the Commission of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission ( COSO ) under rubric of Internal Control Integrated Framework. 4. Committee OF SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS OF THE TREADWAY COMMISSION COSO was formed in 1985 to patronize the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, an independent private-sector enterprise which studied the insouciant factors that can take to deceitful fiscal coverage. ( Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission, 2010 ) . The National Commission was sponsored jointly by five major professional associations headquartered in the United States: the American Accounting Association ( AAA ) , the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( AICPA ) , Financial Executives International ( FEI ) , the Institute of Internal Auditors ( IIA ) and the Institute of Management Accountants ( IMA ) . ( Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to COSO its mission is to supply thought leading through the development of comprehensive models and counsel on endeavor hazard direction, internal control and fraud disincentive designed to better administration public presentation and administration and to cut down the extent of fraud in administrations. 5. INTERNAL CONTROL INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK Internal Control Integrated Framework, published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission addresses the concerns identified in Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The model was developed to back up companies in guaranting the efficiency of their fiscal, operational, and conformity related internal controls. PCAOB recognises the effectivity of the model and issued in Auditing Standard No.2 ( AS2 ) that direction are required to measure the effectivity of their internal control over fiscal coverage, utilizing suited control standards such as the COSO Framework. 6. OBJECTIVES OF INTERNAL CONTROL INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK COSO ( 2010 ) defines internal control as a procedure, effected by an entity s board of managers, direction and other forces, designed to supply sensible confidence sing the accomplishment of aims in the undermentioned classs: Effectiveness and efficiency of operations: This deals with administration primary aims and that includes public presentation and profitableness ends and safeguarding of resources. Dependability of fiscal coverage: This deals with the readying of dependable published fiscal statements. Conformity with applicable Torahs and ordinances: This addresses conformity with Torahs and ordinances to which to which the entity is administration is capable. The aims of COSO model is to publish a model that has a common cognition of internal control amongst its users and assist direction in measuring and bettering its internal control. 7. Components OF INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK The original internal control integrated model had five interconnected constituents. These constituents are: Control Environment Hazard Appraisal Control Activities Information and Communication Monitoring The model was updated in the twelvemonth 2004 to foreground the significance of placing and pull offing hazard across the endeavor. The three constituents that were added are: Objective Puting Event Designation Hazard Response All of these constituents have to be satisfied before an administration s internal control can be deemed to be effectual and efficient. 7.1. CONTROL ENVIRONMENT The control environment of an administration is of import in measuring the internal control system of an administration. The control environment consists of ethical values, unity, competencies of employees and direction s doctrine and operating manner. Harmonizing to Schaeffer ( 2006 ) The internal environment encompasses the tone of an administration and sets the footing for how hazard is viewed and addressed by an entity s people, including hazard direction doctrine and hazard appetency, unity and ethical values, and the environment in which they operate. 7.2. Hazard ASSESSMENT Harmonizing to Khawar ( 2008 ) all administrations have to confront both internal and external hazards. He farther states that the chief ground for these hazards are the changing nature of economic, industry, ordinances, and operational activities. Management needs to determine and measure the hazard associated with the readying of dependable fiscal statements. As stated by Schaeffer ( 2006 ) Hazards are analyzed, sing likeliness and impact, as a footing for finding how they should be managed. Hazards are assessed on an built-in and residuary footing. 7.3. Control ACTIVITIES Once hazards are identified, appropriate steps and other control activities are put into pattern to assist guarantee the realization of the fiscal coverage aims. The control steps are the policies and processs that help guarantee that direction directives are carried out. ( Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission, 2010 ) . These steps occur within the full administration, in all degrees and they include scope of step every bit diverse as blessings, confirmations, segregation of responsibilities, mandates, rapprochements and reappraisals of operating public presentation.

Titanic movie poster essays

Titanic movie poster essays The cover box for Titanic reveals two different meanings to the audience. The first is an explicit meaning, of which is clearly presented through the various images on the cover. The second meaning, the implicit meaning, is subtlety suggested amongst the images and requires some thought to grasp. Through the use of implicit and explicit meaning, the movie box creates interest and intrigue. The cover is composed of images that tell the audience right away what they can expect from the movie. Initially catching the audiences eyes is Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet pictured at the top of the box. DiCaprios arm is around Kate Winstlet, suggesting that the movie is about these two being lovers. The character of Kate Winslet is wearing diamond earrings, which shows that character is from a rich or well off background. The actors names appear above them in a small, hard to read font, probably because the actors are famous enough that they are recognizable to the public by just their faces. Next, the large image of the bow of a large ship tells the audience the setting of the movie is placed on a ship. The ship is obviously the famous Titanic as suggested by the bold title across it. The director's name, James Cameron is above the title, perhaps to draw interest from the directors fans. Under the title states the film has won eleven academy awards including best pi cture. The purpose of stating this fact is to inform the audience how critically acclaimed the movie is, and perhaps creating more interest than compared to not having the claim on the box at all. By studying the cover a little more closely, several implicit meanings can be made out. The first is how the actors are facing. Kate Winslets back is towards DiCaprio. This suggests that even though they are in love something might be holding her back from fully embracing him. Their eyes are lowered, giving the impression that they a...

The film The Searchers by John Wayne (1868) and Mary Rowlandson Essay

The film The Searchers by John Wayne (1868) and Mary Rowlandson narrative - Essay Example The film "The Searchers" by John Wayne (1868) and Mary Rowlandson narrative. Both the narratives, on the civilizational clash between Indians and the settlers, have been criticized as racist and also gender insensitive by forthcoming critics. For example, the narrative of Rowlandson though provide many examples of Indians’ kindness to her, she seems to blindly accept of the Western stereotype of bad Indians and good â€Å"Christians† (Rowlandson, 244). She (Rowlandson) always generalizes by calling Indians â€Å"enemies†, â€Å"barbarous creatures†, â€Å"inhumane creatures† and â€Å"infidels† (Rowlandson, 14, 45, 13). Though, this is the case with Rowlandson’s narrative, she has shown the honesty not to omit any of the several kind acts that Indians, especially Indian women, did to her. But in the film, The Searchers, the hero of the film attributes not even a single good quality to the Indians. And in the first scene itself, the lead character, Ethen is seen behaving in a contempt-filled manner to the half I ndian, Martin, who is the foster son of his brother (The Searchers). Ethen even rudely tells Martin that he looks like a â€Å"half-breed† (The Searchers). Here, it has to be noted that Rowlandson had good reason to hate Indians, but Ethen had none, as far as the viewers know. Even then Ethen is found to be more intolerant towards the Indians than Rowlandson. This contradiction can partially be attributed to Rowlandson being a woman, and Ethen being a man. In all the civilizational clashes in history, men have been the conquerors while women stayed on the margins of such power game. It was never their war. And that is why Ethen is more racist than Rowlandson- because it is Ethen’s (and all the men’s) war actually. There is no where in these two depictions, even a suggestion that Westerners were also imparting similar atrocities upon Indians, which were far more wide spread as compared to the Indian excesses. The puritan attitude of the West of that period, and t he hypocrisy involved with that notion is evident from the fact that Ethen wants to murder his brother’s daughter because she became wife to an Indian, and thus strangely deprived of even the affection of her uncle (The Searchers). But in the Rowlandson narrative, Weetamoo, the wife of Rowlandson’s Indian master, is acknowledged as a powerful and self-asserting woman though Rowlandson never seems to fully realize the rights and powers that Indian women enjoy in their society (Rowlandson, 4). Rowlandson herself has described Weetamoo in the words, â€Å"a severe and proud dame she was, bestowing every day in dressing herself neat as much time as any of the gentry of the land† (37). In her narrative, there are many Indians and Indian women who give her food and shelter (Rowlandson). For example, an Indian gives her a pancake to eat when she was hungry and another Indian woman gives her a a piece of

Discuss the Frankfurt School's analysis of popular culture Essay

Discuss the Frankfurt School's analysis of popular culture - Essay Example Till 19th Century the meaning of the term ‘popular’ was considered to have negative connotations, but now in modern world the word popular means something which is widely known by and is accepted. Popular culture represents not only the elite class but something which is also represented in common people too. High cultural values have been associated with things like music, art, ballroom dancing, opera, and theater etc. and these values are related to them because in the past these activities were only undertaken by those further towards the top of the socio economic ladder, but now the term popular culture is considered versatile, but rather popular culture has become a part of every society and has made its impact everywhere. (litnotes n.d.) Popular culture was not generated within one society but it is actually the growth of ideas and modern thoughts, which ended up with the term pop culture. Popular culture had emerged with many other cultures and has become a part o f the original society. Now to separate these new thoughts and values from actual culture and society is impossible, so we can say that popular culture is actually a growing awareness and interest of people which has become a part of them. Popular culture through media has influenced our way of living. Pop culture is defined by the music we listen to, the programs we watch and the way we dress. The whole society is influenced by things which are shown on their national televisions and what they promote and show. Their culture is influenced by norms and trends which are shown in programs, the type of music, the lyrics, their dressing style and everything which comes on air. Popular culture is also often considered as a trivial and that is why popular culture faces much criticism from non-mainstream groups of people such as religious communities. Countercultural groups are clusters which think that popular culture is superficial and has corrupted the society. Mass media and popular cu lture are two sides of one coin. Mass media has made the greatest impact on reincarnation and modification of culture. Through media existence cultures are gradually modifying. Media programs and advertisements have made a great impact on cultural values of the society. It has influenced our language, interests, festivals and norms. They are overall influenced by the effects of mass media which basically is known as pop culture. The term enculturation is used for the process in which individuals in society learn and absorb cultural traditions. This enculturation has become a part of the society and culture which are valued and practiced by people in the society. (Merriam-Webster, 2007) The pop culture through enculturation is being popularised through different mass media mediums like television, radio, advertisements, newspaper, magazines, live programs and all other things related to mass media and internet as well. Many things have become a part of our lifestyle and are related t o our culture because they are promoted on our local national televisions. If we look at the roots then they haven’t been the part of our actual cultural rituals or norms. The culture is modified by media as media is a greatest source of entertainment and information in today’s world. So many influences of pop culture are the same on different societies. These programs have influenced the mind of the masses and the ideas promoted in them